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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestrea</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Российского экономического университета имени Г. В. Плеханова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2413-2829</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9251</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21686/2413-2829-2025-2-5-12</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestrea-2232</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECONOMIC THEORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Искусственный интеллект и методология экономической науки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Artificial Intellect and Methodology of Economic Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубовик</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubovik</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Майя Валериановна Дубовик  доктор экономических наук, доцент,  профессор кафедры экономической теории  </p><p>109992, Москва, Стремянный пер., д. 36</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Mayya V. Dubovik, Doctor of Economics, Assistant Professor, Professor of the Department  for Economic Theory </title><p>36 Stremyanny Lane,  Moscow, 109992</p><p> </p></sec></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mvdubovik@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дмитриев</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dmitriev</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Геннадьевич Дмитриев  кандидат экономических наук, научный сотрудник кафедры экономики, таможенного дела, информационных технологий  и дисциплин естественно-научного цикла</p><p>241050, Брянская  область, Брянск, ул. Бежицкая, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey G. Dmitriev  PhD, Researcher of the Department  for Economics, Customs, Information  Technology and Disciplines  of the Natural Science Cycle  </p><p>8 Bezhitskaya Str., Bryansk, Bryansk Region,  241050</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergey.g.dmitrieff@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский экономический университет имени Г. В. Плеханова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Plekhanov Russian University  of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Брянский филиал Российского экономического университета  имени Г. В. Плеханова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bryansk branch of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>12</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дубовик М.В., Дмитриев С.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дубовик М.В., Дмитриев С.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dubovik M.V., Dmitriev S.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vest.rea.ru/jour/article/view/2232">https://vest.rea.ru/jour/article/view/2232</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – анализ общих методологических подходов, используемых в экономической теории и инструментах искусственного интеллекта, в частности, машинного обучения. По мнению авторов, существует аналогия между дебатами о реалистичных предположениях экономических моделей и актуальной дискуссией по поводу интерпретируемости при использовании машинного обучения в реальных условиях. Широко используемая концепция модели как «черного ящика» ставит под сомнение обоснованность применения таких моделей как в машинном обучении, так и в экономической теории. Помимо этого, проблема общественного доверия к использованию алгоритмов и выработка доказательной политики становятся труднодостижимыми без релевантной интерпретации функционирования моделей, несмотря на гипотетическую точность сделанных с их помощью прогнозов. В машинном обучении невозможно основываться исключительно на функционировании «черного ящика», упуская из виду роль человека при принятии решений. Аналогичным образом в экономической науке смысл описываемых моделями феноменов зачастую приносится в жертву лаконичности и стройности используемого математического и эконометрического аппарата. Анализ научных публикаций по методологическим проблемам экономики как науки позволил сделать вывод, что, несмотря (либо, напротив, благодаря) на эмпирический поворот в экономической теории, инструментальный подход Милтона Фридмана остается доминирующим, по меньшей мере в его латентном виде.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The goal of the research is to analyze general methodological approaches used in economic theory and tools of artificial intellect, in particular machine learning. According to the authors there is a certain similarity between debates about realistic assumptions of economic models and the acute discussion concerning interpretability in using machine learning in real conditions. The widely used concept of the model as a ‘black box’ casts doubt on validity of using such models both in machine learning and in economic theory. Apart from that, the issue of public trust to applying algorithms and elaboration of evidence-based policy become hardly attainable without relevant interpretation of model functioning, in spite of hypothetic accuracy of forecasts made with their help. In machine learning it is impossible to rely only on ‘black box’ functioning and neglect the role of man in decision-making.  In the same way in economic science the essence of phenomena described by models is often sacrificed to laconism and harmony of mathematic and econometric tool set. Analysis of academic publications on methodological problems in economics as a science allows us to draw a conclusion that in spite of (or due to) the empiric turn in economic theory Milton Friedman instrumental approach is still prevailing, at least in its latent form. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>интерпретируемость</kwd><kwd>доказательная политика</kwd><kwd>экономическая теория</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>interpretability</kwd><kwd>evidence-based policy</kwd><kwd>economic theory</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Блауг М. Методология экономической науки, или Как экономисты объясняют : пер. с англ. / науч. ред. В. С. Автономов. – М. : НП «Журнал Вопросы экономики», 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blaug M. 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