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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestrea</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Российского экономического университета имени Г. В. Плеханова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2413-2829</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9251</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21686/2413-2829-2018-4-152-160</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestrea-540</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЕ И ИНСТРУМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ МЕТОДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATHEMATIC AND INSTRUMENTAL METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Системный анализ на основе нечетких когнитивных карт</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>System Analysis on the Basis of Imprecise Cognitive Cards</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заграновская</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zagranovskaya</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Васильевна Заграновская - кандидат экономических наук, доцент  кафедры прикладной математики  и экономико-математических методов СПбГЭУ.</p><p>191023, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Садовая, д. 21</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Zagranovskaya - PhD, Assistant Professor of the Department  for Applied Mathematics and EconomicMathematical Methods of the SPSUE.</p><p>21 Sadovaya str.,  Saint-Petersburg, 191023</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zagranet@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный экономический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State University of Economic</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>07</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>152</fpage><lpage>160</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Заграновская А.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Заграновская А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zagranovskaya A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vest.rea.ru/jour/article/view/540">https://vest.rea.ru/jour/article/view/540</self-uri><abstract><p>Современные условия хозяйствования характеризуются высокой степенью неопределенности и сложности, что существенно ограничивает возможности применения количественных методов для анализа и прогнозирования экономической ситуации. В статье обобщается теоретический материал по когнитивному моделированию. Предложено осуществлять анализ сложных систем на основе приводимого в статье инструментария, что позволит целостно взглянуть на ситуацию за счет качественно-количественного, пространственновременного описания рассматриваемой ситуации в условиях определенности, риска и неопределенности. Положенная в основу метода нечеткая причинная алгебра позволяет выявить прямые и косвенные связи между элементами системы, проанализировать поведение системы, найти ее предельное состояние, позволяющее спрогнозировать развитие ситуации в долгосрочном периоде. Также можно рассчитать основные характеристики системы, такие как плотность, сложность, степень иерархии. Автором дан системный анализ деятельности предприятия на основе нечеткой когнитивной карты, моделирующей сложившиеся условия хозяйствования в современной российской экономике и включающей факторы внутренней и внешней среды организации. Возможность включить в модель большое количество переменных, даже с нечеткими значениями, прямую и обратную связь с разной степенью точности, совместить точные и экспертные знания, легкость и скорость, с которой могут быть объединены разрозненные знания, построены когнитивные карты и получены нужные результаты, а также возможность сценарного прогнозирования и планирования делают нечеткие когнитивные карты важнейшим инструментом предварительного анализа сложных систем.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The current conditions in business can be characterized as uncertain and complicated and it limits possibilities of using quantitative methods for analysis and forecast of the economic situation. The article summarizes theoretical material dealing with cognitive modeling. It is proposed to analyze complicated systems on the basis of tools shown in the article, which could provide an opportunity to get an integral view of the situation at the expense of quantitative-qualitative and space-time description of the situation in conditions of certainty, risk and uncertainty. Imprecise causal algebra, which forms the basis of the method, makes it possible to identify direct and indirect links between elements of the system, to analyze the system behavior, to find utmost standing allowing us to forecast the situation development in the long-term period. It is also feasible to calculate the principle characteristics of the system, such as density, complexity, the degree of hierarchy. The author gives a system analysis of the enterprise functioning on the basis of imprecise cognitive card, which models the current conditions of business in today’s Russian economy, including factors of internal and external environment of the organization. The opportunity to include in the model plenty of variables, even with imprecise values, direct and indirect link with different degree of precision, to combine accurate and expert knowledge, simplicity and speed of combining uncoordinated knowledge, build cognitive cards and obtain needed results, as well as possibility of scenario forecasting and planning make imprecise cognitive cards an essential tool of preliminary analysis of complicated systems.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>когнитивные карты</kwd><kwd>нечеткие когнитивные карты</kwd><kwd>моделирование</kwd><kwd>системный анализ</kwd><kwd>плотность когнитивной карты</kwd><kwd>меры центральности</kwd><kwd>мера сложности</kwd><kwd>индекс иерархии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cognitive cards</kwd><kwd>imprecise cognitive cards</kwd><kwd>modeling</kwd><kwd>system analysis</kwd><kwd>density of cognitive card</kwd><kwd>measure of centrality</kwd><kwd>hierarchy index</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вокуева Т. 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