<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestrea</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Российского экономического университета имени Г. В. Плеханова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2413-2829</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9251</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21686/2413-2829-2020-4-205-214</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestrea-912</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАРКЕТИНГ, ЛОГИСТИКА, СФЕРА УСЛУГ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MARKETING, LOGISTICS, SERVICE SECTOR</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Концепция и опыт развития и стимулирования сферы каршеринга в Германии – возможности применения в России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Application of German State Policy Practice Towards Carsharing in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Машинский</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mashinskiy</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Валерьевич Машинский аспирант кафедры мировой экономики</p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Mashinskiy Post-Graduate Student of the Department for World Economy</p><p>1 Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mashinskiy.vv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>205</fpage><lpage>214</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Машинский В.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Машинский В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mashinskiy V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vest.rea.ru/jour/article/view/912">https://vest.rea.ru/jour/article/view/912</self-uri><abstract><p>Каршеринг является одним из главных трендов городской мобильности последних лет во многих странах Азии, Европы и Северной Америки. Россия входит в число стран-лидеров отрасли по темпам развития и объему флота в определенных сегментах. Развитие каршеринга активно стимулируется в городах России в качестве дополнения к уже существующим системам общественного транспорта. В статье проанализирован опыт развития каршеринга в Германии, отмечены возможности его применения в России. В результате исследования сформулирован ряд рекомендаций по развитию отрасли. В частности, следует рассмотреть стимулирование развития не только модели free-float, но и каршеринга станционной модели, поскольку он имеет больший положительный эффект для окружающей среды. Требуется разработка политики метамобильности, которая подразумевает разрушение границ между чистым каршерингом, общественным транспортом, средствами микромобильности и частными автомобилями. Необходимо создание прозрачной нормативно-правовой базы для сферы каршеринга. Развитию отрасли могут способствовать субсидирование лизинга, предоставление операторам льготных условий ведения бизнеса, снижение сборов за парковку автомобилей каршеринга и организация отдельных парковочных мест. Внедрение комбинированных тарифов и единого мобильного приложения для всех видов общественного транспорта будут способствовать развитию мультимодальной транспортной системы в крупных городах. Дополнительные налоги на личные транспортные средства и городские сборы за въезд в центр на собственном транспорте и его парковку также могут выступать в качестве мер поддержки отрасли каршеринга.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Carsharing is one of the major recent trends in urban mobility in many countries of Asia, Europe and North America. Russia is one of the leading countries in the industry in terms of growth rates and fleet volume in certain market segments. The purpose of this study is to analyze the key features of German carsharing market and policies regarding carsharing and highlight the possibilities of their application in Russia. As a result of the study a number of recommendations for carsharing development in Russia were outlined. According to several studies, stationbased schemes seem to be environmentally more beneficial compared to free-float carsharing. Station-based carsharing stimulation should be considered as a means to facilitate the development of the industry. A new metamobility policy is required, which implies carsharing, public transport, micromobility and private cars all become part of a single multimodal transport system. A transparent regulatory framework is required. New billing and payment methods, combined tariffs and a single mobile application for all means of public transport and carsharing should be considered as viable measures to stimulate the development of carsharing industry and transport system in general. Parking fees for carsharing should be reduced or waived. Leasing subsidies and preferential business conditions should be introduced to support carsharing operators. Additional taxes for personal vehicles as well as fees for parking and entering the city center using private transport should also stimulate carsharing development.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цифровая экономика</kwd><kwd>шеринговая экономика</kwd><kwd>каршеринг</kwd><kwd>городская мобильность</kwd><kwd>транспорт</kwd><kwd>стимулирование</kwd><kwd>зарубежный опыт</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>digital economy</kwd><kwd>sharing economy</kwd><kwd>carsharing</kwd><kwd>urban mobility</kwd><kwd>transport</kwd><kwd>stimulation</kwd><kwd>foreign experience</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">В Москве доступно более 24 тысяч каршеринговых автомобилей. – URL: https://www.m24.ru/news/mehr-Moskvy/13092019/89997 (дата обращения: 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">V Moskve dostupno bolee 24 tysyach karsheringovykh avtomobiley [There are 24,000 Car-sharing Cars Available in Moscow]. (In Russ.). Available at: https://www.m24.ru/news/mehr-Moskvy/13092019/89997 (accessed 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">В российском каршеринге почти 40 тысяч машин. За год он вырос вдвое. – URL: https://truesharing.ru/tp/21376/ (дата обращения: 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">V rossiyskom karsheringe pochti 40 tysyach mashin. Za god on vyros vdvoe [The Russian Car-Sharing Structure Includes 40,000 Cars. During One Year it Doubled]. (In Russ.). Available at: https://truesharing.ru/tp/21376/ (accessed 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ликсутов: одна машина каршеринга заменяет восемь личных автомобилей. – URL: https://www.autonews.ru/news/5c890d659a7947a1a22ccacb?ruid=uUjlA13SJEJ5ZzqhAxUvAg== (дата обращения: 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liksutov: odna mashina karsheringa zamenyaet vosem lichnykh avtomobiley [Liksutov: One car of the car-sharing structure can replace eight private cars]. (In Russ.). Available at: https://www.autonews.ru/news/5c890d659a7947a1a22ccacb?ruid=uUjlA13SJEJ5ZzqhAxUvAg== (accessed 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Best A., Hasenheit M. Car Sharing in Germany: A Case Study on the Circular Economy. URL: https://circular-impacts.eu/sites/default/files/D4.2_Case-Study-Carsharing_FINAL.pdf (дата обращения: 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Best A., Hasenheit M. Car Sharing in Germany: A Case Study on the Circular Economy. Available at: https://circular-impacts.eu/sites/default/files/D4.2_Case-Study-Carsharing_FINAL.pdf (accessed 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bundesverband Carsharing, Carsharing statistic 2019: Carsharing in Germany is still on a growing path. – URL: https://www.carsharing.de/presse/pressemitteilungen/carsharingstatistic-2019-carsharing-germany-is-still-on-a-growing-path (дата обращения: 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bundesverband Carsharing, Carsharing statistic 2019: Carsharing in Germany is still on a growing path. Available at: https://www.carsharing.de/presse/pressemitteilungen/carsharing-statistic-2019-carsharing-germany-is-still-on-a-growing-path (accessed 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Car Sharing Market Research Shows 20% CAGR &amp; USD 12 Billion by 2024: Global Market Insights, Inc. – URL: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190725005966/en/CarSharing-Market-Research-Shows-20-CAGR (дата обращения: 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Car Sharing Market Research Shows 20% CAGR &amp; USD 12 Billion by 2024: Global Market Insights, Inc. Available at: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190725005966/en/Car-Sharing-Market-Research-Shows-20-CAGR (accessed 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carsharing Market &amp; Growth Aanalysis 2019 – Movmi Shared Mobility Consulting Agency. – URL: http://movmi.net/carsharing-market-growth-2019/ (дата обращения: 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carsharing Market &amp; Growth Aanalysis 2019 – Movmi Shared Mobility Consulting Agency. Available at: http://movmi.net/carsharing-market-growth-2019/ (accessed 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen T. D., Kockelman K. M. Carsharings life-cycle impacts on energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. – URL: https://www.caee.utexas.edu/prof/kockelman/public_html/TRB15carsharingLCA.pdf (дата обращения: 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen T. D., Kockelman K. M. Carsharings Life-Cycle Impacts on Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Available at: https://www.caee.utexas.edu/prof/kockelman/public_html/TRB15carsharingLCA.pdf (accessed 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Der Klimaschutzplan 2050 – Die deutsche Klimaschutzlangfriststrategie. – URL: https://www.bmu.de/themen/klima-energie/klimaschutz/nationale-klimapolitik/klimaschutzplan2050/#c37996 (дата обращения: 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Der Klimaschutzplan 2050 – Die deutsche Klimaschutzlangfriststrategie. Available at: https://www.bmu.de/themen/klima-energie/klimaschutz/nationale-klimapolitik/klimaschutzplan-2050/#c37996 (accessed 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gesetz zur Bevorrechtigung des Carsharing (Carsharinggesetz – CsgG). – URL: http://188.210.44.216/csgg/BJNR223000017.html (дата обращения: 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gesetz zur Bevorrechtigung des Carsharing (Carsharinggesetz – CsgG). Available at: http://188.210.44.216/csgg/BJNR223000017.html (accessed 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giesel F., Nobis C. The Impact of Carsharing on Car Ownership in German Cities. – URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352146516308687 (дата обращения: 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giesel F., Nobis C. The Impact of Carsharing on Car Ownership in German Cities. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352146516308687 (accessed 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Havers K., Bleher D. Machbarkeitsstudie Umweltzeichen für intermodale Mobilitätsangebote. Studie im Rahmen des Projekts “Top 100 – Umweltzeichen für klimarelevante Produkte“. – URL: https://www.oeko.de/oekodoc/1783/2012-483-de.pdf (дата обращения: 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Havers K., Bleher D. Machbarkeitsstudie Umweltzeichen für intermodale Mobilitätsangebote. Studie im Rahmen des Projekts “Top 100 – Umweltzeichen für klimarelevante Produkte“. Available at: https://www.oeko.de/oekodoc/1783/2012-483-de.pdf (accessed 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Münzel K. et al. Explaining Carsharing Supply Across Western European Cities // International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. – 2020. – Vol. 14. – N 4. – P. 1–12. – URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15568318.2018.1542756 (дата обращения: 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Münzel K. et al. Explaining Carsharing Supply Across Western European Cities. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 2020, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 1–12. Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15568318.2018.1542756 (accessed 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neue bcs-Studie: Mehr Platz zum Leben – wie CarSharing Städte entlastet. – URL: https://carsharing.de/sites/default/files/uploads/bcs_factsheet_nr.2_0.pdf (дата обращения: 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neue bcs-Studie: Mehr Platz zum Leben – wie CarSharing Städte entlastet. Available at: https://carsharing.de/sites/default/files/uploads/bcs_factsheet_nr.2_0.pdf (accessed 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmidt P. The Effect of Car Sharing on Car Sales. – URL: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3198474 (дата обращения: 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schmidt P. The Effect of Car Sharing on Car Sales. Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3198474 (accessed 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">United Nations Treaty Collection. Paris Agreement. – URL: https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-d&amp;chapter=27&amp;clang=_en (дата обращения: 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">United Nations Treaty Collection. Paris Agreement. Available at: https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-d&amp;chapter=27&amp;clang=_en (accessed 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wittwer R., Hubrich S. Free-Floating Carsharing Experiences in German Metropolitan Areas // Transportation Research Procedia. – 2018. – Т. 33. – С. 323–330. – URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352146518302667 (дата обращения: 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wittwer R., Hubrich S. Free-Floating Carsharing Experiences in German Metropolitan Areas. Transportation Research Procedia, 2018, Vol. 33, pp. 323–330. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352146518302667 (accessed 18.01.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
