The article analyzes a complicated phenomenon called 'democracy', identifies numerous approaches aimed at finding its genesis and content. According to the author, democracy as an academic category means qualitative characteristics of autonomous space and time functioning and developing historically determined organizational system of self-governing, i. e. a combination of different forms of life-support. Indirectly it can play a political role through proliferation and establishing forced social standards, which implies joint designing, adoption and realization by population of common decisions dealing with people's interests. The author shows that possibilities and means of implementing true government by the people in today's Russia are defined by struggling for such conditions when political substance from the function of isolation and domination passes over to the function of public self-organization and control and power is based on equality of everyone to such laws which are not used as a hypocritical cover of the fact that the poor are deprived of civil rights and the rich can administer arbitrary rule.

The article deals with education, which is closely connected with goals of society and is a decisive factor of its development. Rise and development of market relations in Russia, democratization of public life and emergence of various forms of property have created competitive environment both in industrial and non-industrial fields. The author proves that education is not an exception and it adapts in new conditions and acquires new forms. As a result previously unknown educational structures turn up, which differ from old ones by merging various forms of property, combining organizations with different targets and dependence on market situation and budget support.

During one's life a person keeps on facing a dilemma: to attain a set goal by himself or to use team's assistance to make a task easier. A vivid example showing a complexity of choice in similar situation is a process of studying in university, when a student must decide whether he will crib or rely only on his own knowledge. Our research shows that decision-making in this case is affected not only by formal but also by informal institutes, such as friendship, principles of professional ethics, etc. Moreover, impact of informal institutional norms could become decisive during choosing an optimal strategy. The theoretical model and the experiment described in the article proved that in case certain personality characteristics are present independent work will be the most useful for the student.

The article describes the work of payment agents in the process of shaping payment systems to ensure sustainable development of the banking sector in Russia and finance system in general. The current legislation determines the order of transactions and control over their effecting, types of and regulations for payment agents and subagents. The author shows advantages of bank payment agent, transactions effected by bank payment agent according to the contract concluded with cash transfer operator and possibility of using bank payment subagent. The article pointed out the urge of credit organizations towards more active working in regions, setting additional channels for offering bank services, finding potential clients. Objective interest of banks in extending the agent network must promote the development and strengthening the national payment system. The author puts forward concrete steps aimed at shaping a united system of payment agents' interaction, identifies 4 strategic lines of their development depending on functions performed by bank agents.

In present economic conditions the issue of global cash flows on world markets becomes more and more important for global economy, which makes the problem of managing finance risks very topical. Country risk is characterized by a tangle of numerable finance-economic and socio-political variables. The article shows advanced international approaches to estimation of country risk and causes of its arising. The author provides definitions of aleotoric and epistemological risk which improves understanding of risk essence. Political stability is shown as an important element of managing country risk. The author offers recommendations for arranging the efficient management of country risk.

Russian finance market is characterized by prevailing of banks' work over non-bank finance institutions, including insurance companies. It does not allow the latter to realize their investment functions in full and impedes formation of customer confidence to finance market. That is why working out of mechanism of integrating insurance companies with banks could become a basis for further development of Russian finance market. The author through methods of analysis, logical generalization, scientific abstraction, as well as system-structural analysis designed a mechanism of integrating insurance companies and banks. The place of insurance companies and banks' integration was found. Instruments to manage integration were proposed.

The article deals with researching the work of credit organizations with participation of non-residents in Russia today and prospects of the development of home bank sector. Advantages of foreign banks functioning on Russian market are shown. Problems hindering the process of consolidation and development of interbank interaction were identified. Findings of the research allow us to conclude that it is next to impossible to expect a fast growth of European and American banks on Russian market or arrival of new players. At the same time a sharp reduction in functioning of overseas banks in Russia is hardly probable. Due to the intention of Russia to expand cooperation with Asian countries these banks' arrival is feasible.

The world has entered such a phase of development when the leading factor of development is not produced but natural capital. The article analyzes the current situation and world experience in the field of evaluation and registration of natural capital, describes trends in the development of natural capital registration and finance tools necessary to solve the problem of its degradation. The author comes to the conclusion about the need to include natural capital registration in strategic planning and decision-making in companies of different level, where finance experts could play an important role.

The article identifies the most important factors fostering the development of football which are entered in the unique index for 209 country-members of FIFA. The authors used 11 indicators that are divided into 3 groups of criteria: sport achievements, popularity of football, conditions for football development. As a result we can see the conventional approach to assessing the level of football development in the country, identification of bottlenecks in development programs and benchmarking of the best world practices. This index can be used by FIFA and continental football federations to allocate funds.

The article discusses conditions of finance investment in the development of productive forces in Russia. Factors of investment appeal to global investors are shown. The author analyzes key factors determining investment appeal of finance investment in tools of Russian stock market: dynamics of macro-economic indicators, dividend profitability, corporate governance, infrastructure of finance market. Interconnection between liquidity and volatility of Russian stock market and the nature of transactions - speculative and investment - was researched. Risks of managing finance investment based on tools and mechanisms of stock market were estimated. The author worked out recommendations aimed at attracting investment capital on the basis of instruments and tools of stock market and designed steps necessary to intensify factors of investment appeal of Russian stock market.

The article by analyzing key approaches to the role of state in ensuring interaction with business structures provides the authors' approach to interpreting the phenomenon of state-private partnership based on balance of interests, benefits and risks of state, business and society while interacting in order to solve socially important problems. Key features and principles of state-private partnership are identified by analyzing different definitions of its content which are accepted in foreign and Russian science and practice. The authors analyze basic forms and show problems in interaction between state and business at different stages of historical development of Russia - starting from the Middle Ages up to the present day.

A basis of work are the completiks - the science created by the author about holistic and integral. The enterprises, the organizations, establishments are considered as whole. In everyone such created whole differ the whole-creator and whole-components. Thus the whole-creator works according to key rules of integrity and codes of wholeness. The whole-creator, for providing own survival, saving and development, orders a great number of others whole, as unity, in the form of hierarchy of the whole. It is developed models of the whole-creator at creation of hierarchy whole. The model of interaction of codes of the whole-creator and a component of hierarchy whole is given. The unified whole model-complete whole is described.

The article considers work carried out by the entity of management within the frames of managerial functions. Their principle aim is to get new information about the entity of management, to identify its content, trends and laws of development (stagnation) and on the basis of the data to plan rational managing impact. The author comes to the conclusion that only through analyzing the current condition of the entity of management we can assess its past and forecast its future. The content of work stages of managerial activity is described. When forecasting and goal setting of the entity of management are discussed the notion of 'corridor' is introduced, which restricts the desirable changes in the object being managed by real possibilities of society. It is impossible to limit functions of the entity of management by command powers. Managerial activity can cause changes in the entity of management itself.

Shaping strategically competitive enterprises in the service sector is an integral part of economic policy of successful organizations functioning on education market. The article investigates the essence of service sector organizations, category tools, as well as internal and external factors affecting the level of competitiveness. By studying term and time limits of strategic competitiveness of service sector organizations functioning at the stage of development and extension the author came to the conclusion that competitiveness of these organizations can be seen as an opportunity to withstand the external competitive surrounding in the future on the basis of efficient work of the organization at present. In line with assessment of social and economic relations problems of service sector organizations have been grouped.

The article presents a model of the secondary market of mortgage crediting, whose basic aim is raising cheaper 'long' money to mortgage market. The authors describe key components of the model, identify their key characteristics, goals of functioning and analyze flows of interaction between model components. The article shows the origin of securitization and explains its role on the global finance market. The authors provide a review of key market indicators of Russian securitization market for some years. While analyzing the market principle trends of its development in Russia were shown and weak points of the market were highlighted. The article analyzes key problems hindering the active development of securitization model on Russian market, puts forward some ways of their resolving and provides recommendations aimed at attracting a bigger number of investors to mortgage reinvestment.

Russian economy is in a deep crisis now caused by reduction in aggregate demand, which depends on many reasons, the main is plunging customer demand provoked by high inflation rate. Due to this academics and industrialists propose different steps aimed at increasing customer demand, for instance introduction of food ration cards for low-income people. The article for the first time provides a quantitative estimation of economic effect of introducing food ration cards for low-income people which was proposed by the Ministry of Industry and Trade RF. For this purpose a hypothetic state program of additional support for low-income groups for 2017-2030 was analyzed. P1-4 model showed that additional costs of the consolidated budget at the end of 2017 would cover initial expenses for ration cards by 48%. The article includes charts of GDP dynamics, the share of remuneration in output and the table of quantitative estimations.

The article describes basic principles of assessing economic efficiency of centralized and autonomous power supply to industrial enterprise and at the same time proposes a method of evaluating expediency of installation and use of enterprise's own generators integrated in the united national electric power network. Distributed generation at industrial enterprise is studied not only from the point of view of getting power at cost price to meet its own needs but as a field of power business. The author shows that economic efficiency of investment project dealing with installment of an enterprise's own generator integrated in the united national electric power network will be maximum in case of its optimum capacity used to generate power for realization.

The article studies lines of strategic development of the territory of the Moscow region, shows target landmarks of its joint development with other entities of the Federation. By calculating employment and level of population servicing the authors identify the resource components of improving the process of cooperation development on the territory. They analyze strong points of the existing model of developing certain territories with high dependence on budget financing. The authors propose mechanism of self-governance and self-organization as a new form of managing territorial development together with other systems to improve a standard of living of the population.

The article designed and depicted a variant of the structure for multidimensional data storage (as a cube) to store and analyze results of the economic model presented by a group of experts headed by the Nobel Prize Winner Vasiliy Leontiev. The global model of world economy built on macro-economic indicators according to the scheme 'costs - output' gives an opportunity to design different scenarios of economic development. The results of scenario calculations are placed in a special data storage in the concept of multidimensional cube. Construction of such a storage of model macro-economic indicators will allow experts to extend analytical functionality of Leontiev's model. The proposed approach to organizing results of multi-variant modeling of complicated economic objects is based on using the efficient OLAP - mode of the Complete Analysis System.

At present the development of modern science advances high requirements to philosophic foundations of science, among which epistemological and methodological foundations of science play the most important role. During their designing renewal of knowledge concerning forms of academic research is really significant. One of them is theory. The article proposes an original analysis of scientific cognition principles as a means of constructing a theory: understanding principles in history of philosophy, present day approaches to their understanding and studying, the most meaningful classifications, explanation of the essence of scientific cognition principles and their purpose as regulatory means of theory designing. Innovation is present in classifying principles of theory design, in interpretation of their essence, in analyzing their structure, functions and finding meanings for theory design.