The article shows the reasons for transforming university into a specific form of business as a result of altering the process of education into the process of organized and mass self-studying based on its computerization. This opportunity is realized by developing such an educational university service, which becomes an article of purchase and sale being therefore the ground for shaping aggregate income of university, on the one hand and realization of student's 'educational capital', on the other. The necessity to transform university into business implies the need to alter educational sphere in such a way so that it could become an important industry whose working mechanisms would allow lecturers and students to join the stratum of well-off and successful members of society. The unique mechanism in this sphere is not the availability of capital (means of production, securities), but the university image and appropriate for this aim differentiation in lecturers' and graduates' remuneration, which can exceed the differences between simple and complicated work.

The article includes principle ideas presented by the author in the report delivered at the International Conference in the Russian Plekhanov University of Economics which was dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the Department for Global Economy. The article analyzes global economy, shows reasons for its instability as well as a slow pace of restoration dynamics of recent years in the comparative aspect (US/EU - Japan - China - Russia). Special attention is paid to the Russian crisis in the light of relations with Ukraine and to sanctions introduced by Western countries against Russia after reunification with the Crimea, to dropping oil prices and collapse of the ruble. Speculations about possible ways of attaining economic growth in Russia, the necessity to smooth over the contradictions with the West and to provide the real integration of friendly countries in the European-Asian Union take the central place in the article.

Today managing companies and whole countries is turning into finance management, ideology of cash management of people and countries dominates. The article investigates problems of finance system development and directions of enhancing the Central Bank operations. It is shown that it is necessary to prepare for crisis pressures and sanctions beforehand and to forecast possible consequences. The article analyzes internal and external reasons for the finance crisis and puts forward measures aimed at speeding up economic growth in the country as well as effective foreign economic policy. According to the author we should develop home production of goods and services to balance demand and supply and stabilize prices.

In respect to innovations in production resources the author designed STR-organization of neo-industrial production, which includes pace maximization, pace method of selecting machines, universalization and STR-synchronization of production process (PP). It was found that PP universalization causes innovations in production resources which withdraw manual labour from production sphere and relocate it to the service sphere and improve the quality and productivity of mental labour. The article describes the model of non-industrial development designed by the author which shows that: 1) innovation in capital resources and STR- organization of the production process lead to singling out and concentration of enterprises outputting the aggregate row of end products (object universalization), aggregate row of product knot by one or several technologies (knot object and knot technological universalization) that carry out by different technologies the same stage of technological process (stage-by-stage technological universalization); 2) STR-organization of PP envisages parallel production of PP sections, the absence of unfinished production, rejecting the fixed work time and use of work time as a regulator of the production volume taking into account the demand; 3) innovation in costs (operational and cyclic costs) causes the dependence of active capital and material costs on the quantity of output product and obtaining depreciation profit while consuming capital.

The article deals with theoretical and methodological preconditions of designing the concept of human capital in economics and historic stages of its transformation into the concept of human potential in conditions of revising the role of man in economy of state from one of the production means to the basis of economic prosperity of the country. The author sums up the fundamental definitions of such notions as 'human capital' and 'human potential', shows the major problems connected with the definition of the latter. She analyzes the most widely spread present approaches to study of this category and demonstrates its place in the social and economic development of the country.

In Russian history we can distinguish several key stages of social and economic system transformation, when public and economic life in the country changed radically. Not many countries have got such a historic experience of reforms and living in different external and internal conditions. The article using findings of the research shows the role of historic inertia in key periods of social and economic system transformation in the Russian Federation. The author provides examples and parallels between reforms of the soviet period and present day Russian transformation processes: their common features and laws were identified. Steps aimed at overcoming historic predetermination of reforms' realization were put forward.

The article discusses key aspects of finance market sectors' integration, which is caused by contradictory nature of the process for the economic system. The authors identify two groups of the said aspects. Firstly, it is identification criteria of finance market sectors' integration that embrace structural foundations of finance market functioning: its economic basis; the role and place in the process of GDP creation: dependence of market institutions on finance market functioning; conditionality of price dynamics in its segments; the nature of regulation on the part of state. Due to their identification it is possible to assess the key points of affecting the integration process on the part of finance market sectors in order to manage the process successfully. The authors came to the conclusion about the importance of monetary market as a central connecting link of integrated finance market. This link provides other segments of the finance market with liquidity, fixes temporary cash value, serves as a conductor of state regulation. Secondly, it is causes of integration process intensifying within the last decades. Their analysis allows us to find roots of the process, its actual and potential after-effects for high quality management of the process.

By analyzing the present situation the author puts forward the key directions of developing the national payment system which can provide efficiency and stability of its elements. The article deals with the most important issues of security of the national payment system functioning that require urgent solution, principle sources of risks are also identified. Specific features of settlement and payment relations were shown. The necessity to use innovation tools for regulation and to accompany deals for the development of payment relations was demonstrated and it imposes certain restrictions on realization of standard methods of system regulation. The author formulated the conceptual approaches fostering efficient interaction of the key participants of the payment system.

The article discusses credit and investment potential of the biggest Russian banks that is possible in principle today to finance modernization and reconstruction of industrial credit and investment resources which could be directed to the development of the key finance industries. The author assesses the presence of the gap between deposits' periods and credits' periods. She came to the conclusion about saturation of the niche in the sphere of large enterprises' crediting by the biggest commercial banks of Moscow and St. Petersburg.

The article provides a comparative analysis of different types of mental models in thinking activity, which determine economic functioning of society. By investigating overseas and home literature two key types were identified: non-western X -mentality and western Y -mentality. The authors show that these models of mentality both in historic and present day context determined and determine the essential parameters of development and restructuring of national economies. Based on the analysis of countries' economies they came to the conclusion about changing share of GDP in X - and Y -countries: the former became leaders in global GDP starting from the early 2000-s leaving behind the latter.

The choice of 'getting' talent - to bring them up in-house or attract from outside - is closely connected with corporate culture. The article describes organizational (corporate) culture as a sphere of displaying spiritual and material life of the team, the code of behaviour, rituals, fixed standards of products being put out, dress code, etc. The development of corporate culture plays an important role in designing the system of talents' management. By analyzing corporate culture the authors show that getting talented workers' return is impossible without close links between talents' management and strategy of business development.

The article provides the notion of the object of incomplete construction with regard to specific features of real estate and property complexes. The author gives examples of well-known objects of incomplete construction in Russian and abroad. Existing classifications of objects of incomplete construction and property complexes were analyzed and the structure of objects of incomplete construction was identified taking into account assessment principles. A new classification of objects of incomplete construction was proposed with the aim of value management. Types of objects were described. According to the classification the author defines principles of value management for objects of incomplete construction.

Properly selected strategic benchmarks and target indicators of development, as well as the corresponding marketing strategy of the company will successfully affect its financial standing and profit. PIMS model (Profit Impact on Marketing Strategy) is a prototype of target analysis of company factors. The article describes the development of PIMS model, which includes indentifying factors affecting growth (or stabilization) of profit and related to marketing activity. The classic PIMS model embraces analysis of qualitative and quantitative information about the growth in company market share which can influence the indicators of investment efficiency. The author's research shows that traditional marketing mix that is taken into account PIMS methodology could and should be extended at the expense of factors describing customer loyalty.

During 25 years of designing and developing market economy in Russia well-balanced tools of shaping currency rate, which is adequate to the economic situation in the country has not been formed. The ruble rate to world reserve currencies controlled by Russian management always had certain signs of voluntarism, it was fixed without due regard to ruble inflation rate. It finally led to severe finance and currency crises of 1998, 2008, 2014. The article proposes economically substantiated model of optimum currency rate. It provides calculations showing efficiency of the tools and supporting the final conclusion: long-term shaping of currency rate asynchronous to the inflation rate is a forerunner of the next finance crisis.

Economic growth is the best way to combat inflation in conditions of national economy restructuring. Cash demand increases depending on the economic growth rate with constant pace of cash circulation. However, high inflation rate and extreme changes in market currency rate can alter these processes, making the solution of budget deficit problem more complicated. The article investigates reasons for and consequences of inflation in Azerbaijan. It was shown that inflation affects economic growth and monetary and credit policy in the country. Anti-inflation policy pursued in the Republic of Azerbaijan was analyzed, its specific features were described. The authors put forward the recommendations aimed at improving monetary and credit policy, lowering inflation rate and declining its negative impact on structural reforms in the country.

The article focuses on the fact that when big cities come into being priorities in organization of real policy and political subjectivity are moving toward metropolises. Certain characteristics of increasing political subjectivity of metropolises in the 21st century were identified. Parameters of Russian cities, which form numerous agglomerations were determined. The authors stress that in our country the development of city agglomerations is an objective of the federal scale. The clearly observed trend of Russian political modernization by hierarchical system - from federal cities and cities with a million population to smaller cities and towns. The authors show the growing prospects and shaping the limits of political urbanization, such as changing role of city-dwellers in political life of society, the role of mass communications in political life of cities, specific features of forming power in Moscow, establishing values of liberal ideology and democracy in cities, appearance of political parties and public movements, rising interest of various political forces to political management, arising of 'orange', 'flower' and other types of revolutions in cities.