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Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics

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No 1 (2026)
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ECONOMIC THEORY

5-12 26
Abstract

The article describes overcoming the conceptual gap between classical theories of economic growth and practical requirements to management of today’s industrial enterprises in context of Industry 4.0. Focus is made on new managerial paradigm necessary to use effectively hybrid digital resources, i.e. integrated assets including material, informational and intellectual components. The goal of the research is to substantiate theoretically and develop methodologically the approach to adaptive management of hybrid digital resources of enterprise based on modified Cobba – Douglas production function providing synergy of traditional and digital production factors in conditions of turbulence and fast technological obsolescence. The author shows evolution of theoretical ideas about economic growth from neo-classical modes relying on exogenous factors to the development of paradigm of exogenous growth and economy of knowledge, where innovation, human capital and information play the key role. Criticism of methodological restrictions in classical range of tools, including standard Cobba – Douglas function in today’s context was provided. Paradigm succession in current Russian investigations that demonstrates backwardness of managerial practices from theoretical trends was empirically confirmed. The article formulated the response to global challenges of reindustrialization and digitalization of Russian economy, which requires integral systemic transformation of mechanisms of in-company resource management. On the basis of provided conclusions new problematic aspects were identified: limited statistic production functions necessary to estimate contribution of digital resources possessing properties of non-exclusiveness, non-competitiveness and network effect; arising of ‘digital gap’ in enterprise between technological potential and managerial culture. Modified Cobba – Douglas production function with a separate hybrid factor, i. e. AI can provide a key solution.

MATHEMATIC, STATISTICAL AND INSTRUMENTAL METHODS

13-28 24
Abstract

The article puts forward a modified algorithm of multi-criteria optimization of stock management in conditions of uncertainty based on using standardized data to present figures of particular criteria. The approach aims at elimination of inadequate choice phenomenon, when criteria with lower order of values can hardly affect the final solution due to misbalance in their numerical ranges. It was shown that transit to standardized data can help smooth the distorting effect of various scales of measurements and provide commensurability of each criterion contribution to the integral estimation of alternatives. In contrast to the earlier approach using generalized data the new modification shows comparable efficiency in elimination of inadequate choice phenomenon and provides another ranging of alternatives by widening a set of methods of multi-criteria analysis. Quantitative verification of algorithm was conducted by resolving the task of choosing logistic intermediary and strategy of product stock management in conditions of uncertainty in demand and delays in delivery. It was found out that the use of standardized data gives a chance in some cases to eliminate inadequate choice phenomenon. The research findings are important for developing corporate systems of decision-making support, which can ensure well-balanced account of multiple controversial criteria in conditions of uncertainty.

INNOVATION MANAGEMENT

29-39 22
Abstract

Digital technologies in present day conditions are an integral part of economic and social relations, as well as cultural life and upbringing. They impact essential aspects of the environment, where knowledge, beliefs and value orientation of young people are formed. Therefore, youth education through innovation technologies, which foster successful mastering of knowledge and adoption of moral values adequate in today’s conditions is a prime issue. The article analyzes innovation education technologies on the basis of information received in sociological investigations concerning students’ values and methods of information obtaining.

40-54 23
Abstract

The article studies evolution of the triple spiral concept as a mechanism of innovation development. Key stages of the model development were analyzed, from initial triple spiral (state – business – universities) to its extended variants, i.e. of four – (civil society included) and five-link one (natural environment is taken into account), as well as other interrelations that show various socio-economic processes and national specificity. The goal of the research is to describe elaboration of efficient model of innovation development based on evolution of the triple spiral concept and identification of roles of innovation ecosystem actors. Theoretical importance of the research deals with systematization of stages of spiral model working-out and development of structured role model that can make functions of innovation ecosystem participants more concrete. The article underlines practical importance of the role model of business-ecosystem for elaboration of concrete measures of state and corporate policy aimed at the development of innovation infrastructure and stimulation of cooperation.

55-63 21
Abstract

The article deals with foreign economic after-effects of changing dynamics of social and economic processes in the Russian Federation as a consequence of parrying new challenges and risks to Russian economic security connected with shaping of a new multi-polar world and aggravation of geopolitical competition. Large-scale prolonged reforms in these spheres have changed drastically the trajectory of Russia development in science, industry, public health system and general competitiveness of the country. The article studies components of political confrontation between the Russian Federation and country-members of the NATO and EU. Enormous anti-Russia sanctions introduced since 2022 have no doubt affected Russian economy. However due to rich raw material base of Russian economy and excessive reserve of social and economic stability Russian economy withstands worsening of international relations with countries of the collective West and geopolitical changes in the number of countries showing pro-Russian position on the global arena. The goal of the research is to investigate strategies and mechanisms of strengthening innovation potential of Russia in conditions of economic confrontation with due regard to current challenges and opportunities, as well as to estimate today’s innovation resources and infrastructure. The article used methods that can estimate the current innovation potential in Russia and namely: document analysis, statistic analysis, comparative analysis, methods of cluster analysis. The research aims at resolving acute problems and ensuring long-term sustainable development, as it envisages national security (development of innovation fosters elaboration of advanced technologies), provides economic stability (strengthening of innovation potential gives an opportunity to diversify economy, reduce dependence on raw material export by creating new growth sources unreceptive to external shocks), improves competitiveness of the country (innovation development helps Russian companies reinforce positions on global markets) and shapes international prestige of Russia as a country that can compete with leading global states in the field of science and technology.

54-71 21
Abstract

Lately the volume of road haulage seriously exceeds the volume of railway carriage. At the same time road transport has lower labour productivity than railway carriage, as cargo transportation at a distance over 1,500 – 2,000km should be changed to railway transport. The article provides conceptualization and formalization of the term ‘railway and road container’ within the frames of developing innovation intermodal transport units to raise efficiency of multimodal logistic operations. The research makes the problem of term discrepancy in the field of intermodal transport units more acute, as notions of ‘pickup body’ and ‘demountable body’ we sometimes understand as body of railway car and European swap body is compared with camateiner used only in road freightage. Different types of intermodal transport units are analyzed, which are used for cargo carriage all over the world. It was proposed to elaborate a unique cargo transport unit integrating advantages of railway and road systems in order to optimize cargo traffic, cut logistic costs and raise adaptability level of supply chains in conditions of global transport challenges, such as improving ecologic sustainability, dropping transit costs and intensifying multimodal integration in international communications.

72-78 20
Abstract

Current systems of AI more and more often use multi-modal data by combining visual, text and audio information to resolve complicated problems. One key sphere of such system application is description generation on the basis of images and video. Integration of multi-modal data provides an opportunity to improve accuracy and expressiveness of texts being created, which gives more complete and sensible representation of the content. The article studies current methods of multi-modal data integration into generation of text descriptions, analyzes key challenges that face researchers and discusses promising trends in this field of development. Special attention is paid to application of convolution neuron nets (CNN) and transformers to process visual information, as well as attention mechanisms and models of successive text generation. The article researches approaches to data fusion formed by different modalities, including earlier and later combination of signs and multi-modal models trained on big blocks of data. In spite of serious progress, integration of multi-modal data provokes a number of challenges, including information synchronization, problems in interpretation and context, restrictions in learning data and others. Promising lines in development are being discussed. Obtained results can be used by developers of computer vision systems, in processing natural language and multi-modal machine learning and for elaboration of intellectual applications in the field of automatic image abstracts, video-summarizing and man-machine interaction.

REGIONAL ECONOMY

79-87 18
Abstract

The Sakhalin region is one of the most inviting territories of the Russian Federation. It is the only region of the country whose territory is located only on islands. The region is not only rich in natural resources but has a serious potential for long-term social and economic development. Economic and geographical location, unique natural landscapes and historically shaped cultural heritage make the Sakhalin region a competitive trend for tourism development, especially in the context of current circumstances connected with unstable global geo-economic situation. Since 2020, when international traveling became embarrassing, in-country tourism in Russia began its fast development. This trend had a positive impact on regions deprived of tourist interest on the part of various groups of Russian society. Due to these processes the territory of the Far-East area, including the Sakhalin region got a unique chance to extend their tourist opportunities and implement their economic potential, having in mind export and foreign tourists. The article studies the current situation in tourist sphere of the Sakhalin region and identifies key aspects of creative economy, which can be used as a foundation for developing new tourist products and services on Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. Focus is made on identifying opportunities for business activities in conditions of the Sakhalin region with regard to logistic characteristics of the Far East in general.

88-96 15
Abstract

The research studies steps of support and stimulation of business structures in implementing innovation projects in the old-industrial region. The Vladimir Region was chosen as a research object. The authors investigate steps of support to innovation projects and show structures that carry out such stimulating measures. Apart from that the article puts forward a coordination mechanism in two options: when budget funds are allocated and with the help of investors. Within the frames of the research the problem of communication and coordination of steps was resolved by using conceptual model of electronic site, which can speed up the process of getting stimulation measures aimed at innovation project implementation in the old-industrial region.

97-102 18
Abstract

In today’s world consumption of tobacco products is a serious problem not only for people’s health but for various spheres of life. In this respect the Republic of Armenia is not an exception, as about 28% of its population regularly consumes different forms of tobacco products. It is clear that tobacco consumption is connected with numerous illnesses and at the same time acts as a key factor of risk for a number of non-infectious diseases, such as malignant tumors, diabetics, respiratory ways illnesses, cardio-vascular diseases, etc. Moreover, tobacco consumption is one of the principle reasons for untimely death, which in its turn can cause social and economic consequences. Tobacco consumption has a negative effect on labour productivity and efficiency. In the given analysis on the basis of state statistics an attempt was made to develop methods aimed at cutting the impact of tobacco consumption on public health expenses and on economy of Armenia in general.

103-108 21
Abstract

Competitive policy in Russian regions is an important problem in resolving current challenges of economic growth that are caused by geopolitical risks, increasing sanctions and general intensification of environment uncertainty. The Government takes steps aimed at development of competition and elaboration of competitive policy strategy based on inter-sectoral and regional cooperation. However, the problem of balance between measures of support for small and medium business, shaping competitive environment and control on the part of the state has not been settled. The goal of the research is to work out a set of steps aimed at supporting competition on the basis of analyzing real practices for competitive policy pursuing in Russian regions in conditions of high uncertainty caused by political and economic risks with regard to territorial specificity and new external challenges. The author provides recommendations on competitive policy pursuing by Russian regions in conditions of risk,

109-122 19
Abstract

Labour market plays a top-priority role in ensuring sustainable social and economic development of the region. In conditions of today’s challenges, such as economic sanctions, global transformations in employment, speeding-up of digitalization and demographic changes the need to adapt regional labour markets is extremely topical. The south of Russia with unique combination of agrarian, industrial and recreation potential is facing a number of specific problems in the field of employment. Labour market of the South Federal District and the North-Caucasian Federal District demonstrate both adaptation opportunities and serious challenges. Lately labour market of the south region shows changes in the structure of demand for work force, unemployment rise in some regions, personnel shortage in leading industries and high migration mobility of people. These factors shall be analyzed comprehensively and effective measures of response shall be elaborated. The goal of the research is to identify key trends and factors influencing labour market in the south of Russia and put forward possible ways of raising its sustainability. The research is based on data of the Federal Service of State Statistics, regional bodies of employment, information and analytical resources and findings of social surveys. The research used methods of economic and statistical analysis to study factor dynamics that characterize labour market and comparative analysis to collate figures of labor market with all-Russian and inter-regional data.

FINANCE

123-129 19
Abstract

Introduction of finance technologies can seriously affect global transformation of Russian insurance market. The article on the basis of statistical and analytical data of the Bank of Russia studied the current development of insurance market, identified specific features of using finance technologies and highlighted the importance of combining insurance and technological unity in working-out digital insurance products. In the process of digital insurance analyzing a conclusion was drawn that technological character of insurance companies is an important factor of sustainable growth of client-oriented insurance business and that use of finance technologies in insurance can foster upgrading personalized client-oriented insurance service and raising quality of insurance protection. The author formulated global targets of insurance market development and showed specific influence of finance technologies on the development of insurance activities and effective protection of individuals and companies. Prospects of introducing finance technologies in insurance were presented as well as developments in digital standard on insurance.

130-138 21
Abstract

In conditions of structural transformation of national economy a conceptual element of the notion ‘sustainable development’ is changing. In order to reach a sustainable development of economic entities special attention should be paid to small and medium enterprises due to their insecurity and lack of internal reserves of growth. The article studies general trends of small and medium enterprise development in the Russian Federation based on retrospective data exerting impact on forming finance sustainability in a short-term and long-term run. The authors analyzed approaches to definition of finance sustainability of small and medium enterprises elaborated by Russian scientists in the context of sustainable development and worked out the system of estimation indicators to identify finance sustainability of small and medium enterprises. Apart from that the definition of finance sustainability of small and medium enterprises was formulated that was shown as a key precondition for their sustainable development. The research extended the list of indicators used for assessing finance and economic sustainability of small and medium entrepreneurship in production sector.

129-147 19
Abstract

The development of digital economy creates challenges and fixes new rules for tax-payers and taxation bodies, which results in intensive changes in the field of tax control and the whole list of its mechanisms, forms and concrete methods of implementation. Study of tax control problems and its impact on taxation is especially important for small organizations, as in their work taxes form a serious element of costs. The article identifies lines of transforming models of tax control in digital economy. The authors analyzed acute changes in regulatory documents in view of research objectives. It was shown that tax control with advanced digital technologies can provide, on the one hand, transparency and on the other hand, predicting of tax relations, which gives an opportunity to build the most complicated and individualized tax system, which was made acute by the shift in retrospective from the flat scale of taxation to differentiated one. In practice tax monitoring, control over on-line cash-desks and system of retail payments, realization of ASK system VAT-2 proved the joint development of tax control and accompanying digital technologies. It can help optimize tax relations by increasing sustainability of small business organizations sensible to tax burden and check-ups, as tax accounting and interaction of small business organizations and tax bodies become transparent and predictable, while tax risks are minimized. Introduction of information technologies can speed up the process of managerial finance decisionmaking, put relations between tax bodies and tax-payers on a new level, which can promote further transformation of the model of running business, business-processes of organizations and traditional concept of tax control. Digitalization of tax control aims at increasing values of its efficiency, provision of transparency of taxation, which can make tax relations more predictable and raise organization sustainability.

148-160 19
Abstract

The article studies theoretical aspects of identifying digital currencies of central banks, whose introduction today is being accomplished by 98% of countries in the world, including Russia. The author analyzed and defined the notion of the digital ruble, studied its key characteristics and technological features and estimated principle intermediate results of its step-by-step introduction. In the research the author assessed the positive impact of digital ruble introduction on state, people, finance organizations and corporate sector, which underlines the necessity of its use at the current stage for state and economy. The article demonstrated prospects of further research on developing projects in the field of digital ruble use in international settlements.

161-172 18
Abstract

The article studies the impact of loyalty programs, in particular cash-back on economic activities of finance service consumers. It was underlined that in line with obvious benefits there are risks connected with insufficient transparency and aggressive marketing strategies. The authors analyzed available investigations in the field of cashback and loyalty programs highlighting key hypotheses concerning the impact of these tools on customer behavior. They substantiated the necessity of state regulation to protect customer rights and provide sustainability of finance market. The article put forward arguments in favor of strict rules and standards aimed at risk minimization and transparency rising. Concrete measures were elaborated necessary to upgrade loyalty program regulation, which can foster sustainable development of finance sector.

173-181 19
Abstract

The article studies one of the most important notions in audit work, i.e. audit risk. The author analyzed changes in audit risks depending on audit concept shift, identified audit risks predominant at each stage of shaping and developing of the audit institute. The analysis showed that the accepted classification of audit risks does not comply in full with the brand new concept of crisis-oriented audit used at the current stage. This concept is characterized by methodology of cognitive digital audit of Industry 4.0 that uses innovation information technologies, such as AI, block-chain technologies and cloud technologies. In the process of audit these tools resulted in serious changes in traditional audit risks and at the same time promoted arising of a new type of audit risk connected with IT use. The goal of the research is to classify modified audit risks in view of cognitive digital audit. The author came to the conclusion that the more advanced and complicated information technologies are used in audit, the higher level of It-risk we observe.

ECONOMICS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP

182-194 14
Abstract

In the research the authors relied on available investigations and theories that reaffirm direct interrelation between entrepreneurship and economic development. Traditionally entrepreneurship was considered as a field of activities for grown-up and experienced people, which was fixed in legislation of Russia stating that only people over 18 can run business. However, current trends show that younger generation is quite optimistic about starting their business, not afraid of risk and prefers start-ups but not long-term carriers in employment and thus demonstrates high entrepreneurial activities. The present legislation of the Russian Federation permits to run business from the age of 14, however investigations in the field have not paid adequate attention to the age category 14–17 yet. Within the frames of the research the authors conducted survey among young people of this age group in order to find out their motivation to running business. To work out the questionnaire the data obtained in the earlier research by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) were used, which helped formulate questions, carry out monitoring and compare findings with business activities of other age groups. According to the authors, the information about high business activities of younger generation is connected with changes in social orientation and access to education resources promoting entrepreneurial initiatives. To provide further development of entrepreneurship in Russia it is necessary to take into account specific features of young business people aged 14-17 in elaboration of support programs aimed at shaping required skills and knowledge for effective business. Creation of favorable environment for younger entrepreneurship can become a key factor for economic development of the country.

THEORY AND PRACTICE OF MANAGEMENT

195-202 17
Abstract

Today the development of industries in Russian economy is not competitive due to the absence of innovation approaches to organization of manufacturing, without active search for new ways of customer needs satisfaction, which requires innovation elaboration and drawing up documents of protective character. The goal of the research is to identify the contribution of patenting and invention activities to the development of textile and foot-ware industry in the country. The research methods include quantitative analysis, logical analysis and methods of comparing and summarizing information obtained in national and international patent databases, academic investigations by home and overseas scientists. The authors showed approaches to understanding patent and invention activities, their features in view of sphere of textile and foot-ware manufacturing. A conclusion was drawn about the necessity to stimulate innovation invention activities on the part of state and about the importance of further search, development and introduction of goods (materials, equipment) within the frames of patent procedures, which could help protect intellectual property of enterprises (patent granting) and foster investment appeal of industry and certain enterprises.

203-209 16
Abstract

In the current economic conditions the sphere of culture is becoming an important structural component of national economy that ensures upbringing of citizens and therefore the growth of labour potential in the country. The goal of the research is to work out a forecast of developing structural components of the sphere of culture in today’s conditions on the basis of regressive analysis method. By results of the research the author came to the conclusion that the number of professional theatres in Russia in 2000-2019 increased considerably and their visitation stepped up too. Due to adverse consequences of the corona virus infection in 2020–2022 the number of theater visitors dropped. On the basis of forecast models we can assume that the number of professional theaters and their visiting will rise in the short-term period, however, the increase rate will be lower in comparison with the previous time. At the same time it should be pointed out that in 2000–2022 a real museum boom took place in Russia: the number of museum institutions grew by 50% and museum visiting – by 66%. According to the presented models, in the medium-term run this trend will continue. The rise in people interest in visiting museum institutions shall be taken into account by regional and municipal bodies of power in elaboration of strategies for tourist potential development in territorial entities. As for libraries, in the medium-term run their number will drop, which can be explained by the wide use of digital information carriers and transformation of library role in today’s culture.

210-216 20
Abstract

The article studies specificities of knowledge as a key factor of shaping and developing of business-ecosystem and puts forward methodology of their estimation. The majority of current approaches to estimation use the notion of intellectual capital identifying it with knowledge. In our opinion knowledge is a wider notion that includes different combinations of new technologies, approaches to training, professional experience, entrepreneurial ideas, motivation and stimulation, readiness for risk, etc. They provide an opportunity for business-ecosystem to generate compound valuable offer to customer, which differentiates this business-model from others. The author shows methodology of index computation of economy of knowledge, proposed by the World Bank for some countries and regions that ignores the level of organizations and business-systems. The article pays special attention to the dual nature of the category ‘knowledge’, which is considered, on the one hand, as a functional aspect and on the other hand, as a tool and result. The present methodology provides computation of index of knowledge level in businessecosystem. It is based on 16 indicators put in four groups: dynamics of business-ecosystem development, system of education and development of personnel, scientific-technical and innovation-technological potential and digitalization and level of information support of business-ecosystem. Finally, recommendations were given aimed at this methodology application and estimation of its development prospects was advanced.

217-225 18
Abstract

In today’s conditions strategic control becomes an integral part of organization functioning. Methodology and tools of strategic control foster cutting of negative after-effects of risks and making effective managerial decisions. The article studies a number of tools of in-company strategic control, puts forward different approaches to strategic planning and processes of analyzing stages of strategy implementation; shapes elements of in-company strategic control and provides formula demonstrating the approach to stages of strategic control at the company. The authors highlighted factors subject to estimation during in-company strategic control; assessed strategic balances in view of classification sign (concerned persons); provided methods of building strategic balance. The article analyzed methods of using strategic balances and the concept of the system of balanced indicators in company management. Apart from that, classification of the system of balanced indicators was provided, which can show all aspects of company work; key principles of its building were formulated and an example of strategic map using the system of balanced company indicators was given. The proposed tools of strategic control can help company accumulate its own resources and analyze development prospects.

226-235 17
Abstract

In circumstances of fast digital transformation of the public health system the necessity arises to work out models of innovation introduction on the level of medical organizations. The article puts forward a step-by-step model of medical organization digitalization based on Beckhard-Harris classical model of managing changes and adapted to specificity of the public health system. The author explained topicality of medicine digitalization, confirmed backwardness of the public health system in comparison with other industries by level of digital innovation and showed the necessity of systemic management of changes for successful implementation of digital projects. Theoretical and methodological foundation includes the review of models of managing organizational changes (K. Levina, ADKAR, Beckhard – Harris) and substantiation of choosing Beckhard-Harris model to develop mechanism of digital transformation of hospital. Six successive steps of digitalization were described in detail: from realization of the need in changes and formulation of digital development vision to building the project team, implementing initiatives, estimation of results and provision of clinical security and ethical character of working with data. The article shows that adaptation of the model of managing changes for public health conditions (including the branch stage on security and ethics, using the map of digital maturity, concept of digital office and branch KPI) ensures higher efficiency of transformations. Benefits of this approach are discussed: structuring, flexibility and orientation to digitalization barriers overcoming, as well as its novelty for the public health system. The proposed model can serve as a practical guide for medical organizations in step-by-step realization of digital transformations, raising quality and accessibility of medical help, providing patients’ safety and shaping basis for further research and upgrading of strategy of digital development in the public health system.

236-241 17
Abstract

The article analyzes ethical aspects of using advanced digital technologies in managerial accounting. Digitalization of book-keeping and managerial processes increases risk of breaking ethical norms connected with data processing, transparency of decision-making and information confidentiality. The research revealed key ethical challenges, such as algorithm bias, non-transparency of AI solutions, risks of data safety and possibility of finance report manipulation. The article studies home and international investigations in the field of digital ethics and AI regulation and underlines the necessity of responsible introduction of digital tools in managerial accounting. Recommendations were put forward on developing ethically grounded approaches to digitalization, including the use of explicable AI, intensifying data protection and fixing clear-cut frames of responsibility.

242-250 17
Abstract

The article studies problems of control over unreliable information in the system of purchasing activities in the Russian Federation regulated by laws N 44-FZ and N 223-FZ. Relying on the practical experience of work in the Anti-Trust Service of Russia the author analyzes key system vulnerabilities, including paper falsification by suppliers, weak integration of state registers, reactive nature of check-ups and inefficiency of sanctions. Special attention was paid to problems of inter-branch coordination, such as delays in data exchange between the Anti-Trust Service of Russia, the Federal Taxation Service and other bodies and restrictions of the United Information System (UIS) in automated verification of information. The article proposed lines of upgrading control, among which it is possible to mention predictive analytics and AI to find out anomalies; through integration of state registers with UIS; responsibility toughening, including personal disqualification of executives of company-violators; automated blocking of suppliers’ participation in case of risk revealing. On the basis of this analysis a conclusion was drawn that to raise efficiency of control it is necessary to use not only technological solutions, but also systemic changes in approaches to responsibility of the purchasing process participants.

MARKETING, LOGISTICS, SERVICE SECTOR

251-260 17
Abstract

Present day Russian market of fruit and vegetables is undergoing transformation envisaged by import substitution, growth in in-country production and changes in customer preferences towards healthy diet. The article analyzes key trends, including extended product range at the expense of exotic items, development of online-sales and increase in the share of private brands. The authors study principle participants (agro-holdings, processors, retail sellers), their strategies, including technological modernization and niche specialization, as well as features of customer behavior and product range management. The research relies on Rosstat information, branch reports (BusinessStat, AnalyticResearchGroup) and expert estimations confirming sustainable growth of market by 8% in 2022–2025. Research findings can be used by market participants to strengthen competitive positions in conditions of growing impact of online-retail and own trade mark.

261-271 18
Abstract

Analysis of HR management in tourism and hospitality is still acute, as the key factor there is interaction of customer and producer, which identifies the role and importance of personnel, their competences, knowledge and experience. The authors in the course of research analyzed models, ways and means of HR management in the field of tourism and hospitality, showed their use in countries of the world and highlighted the possibility to use this experience in the Russian Federation. By comparing approaches to investigating HR management in the field of tourism and hospitality in different countries it was shown that communications in models of HR management influence the efficiency of management, they are also connected with personnel turnover, staff satisfaction, styles of management, figures of finance stability in ecological tourism. Comparative analysis of approaches to research reveals that the uniting factor is qualitative and quantitative analysis. Conditions of a certain empiric base of organization and specific features of territory can limit opportunities of research in the future. The cross-analysis can exert correlation impact on results, which should be taken into account in future investigations.

272-288 18
Abstract

The article studies issues of using block-chain technology in customs-logistic field. Key notions of block-chain as applied to trade and administrative activities were presented. By using three block-chain-platforms that are wellknown on the global scale comparative analysis of block-chain models used in customs service and international logistics and of experience of their application was carried out. It was shown that platforms of customs-logistic block-chain act as a foundation for shaping a specific type of digital ecosystems, which can be defined as administrative-economic with serious difference from the classical business-ecosystems. Two classes of administrative-economic ecosystems were identified: autonomous and integrated, the difference between them is closely connected with characteristics of their external and internal digital environment. The author put forward definitions of administrative-economic ecosystems, its autonomous and integrated types and of the digital environment as applied to ecosystems of the given type. Regularities of ecosystem client behavior were demonstrated that function on the basis of block-chain and simplified classification of models of client behavior on markets of customs intermediary was advanced. It can serve as a basis for shaping efficient marketing strategies of customs representatives (brokers). Promising trends of further research were shown.



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ISSN 2413-2829 (Print)
ISSN 2587-9251 (Online)