The article studies certain aspects of shaping and developing digital economy, investigates differences and specific features of its functioning. It shows that the development of digital economy provides an opportunity of communications, ideas and experience sharing. Digital economy promotes the development of new models of business, allows us to combine efforts in order to design innovation, investment, search for employees, partners, resources and markets. Digital technologies could play a key role in employees’ training, knowledge exchange, realization of innovation ideas, including the social sphere. Though the impact of digital technologies on transforming social and economic systems is quite obvious, a lot of issues are still poorly studied. Literature pays insufficient attention to issues of digital potential development, which aims at attaining innovation growth of certain companies and industries, institutional aspects of digital economy are still ignored, challenges and prospects of business development in conditions of digital economy development are highlighted poorly, the importance of digital economy in the system of current business relations is not demonstrated. The article investigates different criteria, which could help identify the availability of digital phenomena in economy and their influence on social and economic development. The authors analyze causes of digital economy arising and identify factors of its development. This analysis makes it possible to find the laws of digital economy evolution and to show prospects of its further development in Russia.  

Analyzing food security state is one of the most important lines, which is examined in detail in economic literature. It is stipulated mainly by the fact that food security standing shows the ability of the agro-industrial complex to provide the population with foods and at the same time to support the balanced and optimal correlation between home production and imported food. The goal of the article is to analyze food security standing in Russia and the world. The authors defined the essence of the notion ’food security’, identified criteria, which provide an opportunity to find out the level of the problem. On the basis of reports and analytical materials of international organizations, the Ministry of agriculture RF, research by Russian and overseas experts the authors came to the conclusion about the level of food security in Russia, identified the problems of agriculture development and food security and put forward ways of their resolving.  

This article focuses on project finance analysis, one of the most effective mechanisms to accumulate different financial resources in order to implement investment projects. Project finance is considered as a system, including multiple elements (participants, finance objects, contracts, risk management, infrastructure), which are in close relationship and provide financial flows effectiveness. Characteristics of project finance development current stage were identified. Project finance development current stage is focused on sustained economic growth, innovative development and global economy. It is shown that project finance system effective functioning is impossible without project risk management, identification and distribution of risks between project participants. A steady trend of deals and their costs annual increasing, decreasing in proportion of borrower`s own capital in total financial resource amount were identified and based on the global project finance market analysis. The factors affecting the project finance impact were defined: project management effective team presence, use of project management`s modern professional standards and technologies, establishment of communications system between project`s participants, project`s information and financial flows` transparency, use of qualified consultants and experts etc. It was considered that use of the project finance mechanism to implement innovative investment projects assumes particular importance during the establishment and development of digital economy.  

The reasons not of trivial professional interest in a phenomenon of Crypto currency (cryptocurrency) in general and Bitcoin (Bitcoin) in particular have induced to undertake judgment, and then and public statement in the scientific magazine of the subject announced in the name of article. This interest has been dictated at all not by an opportunity to clear narrow, special questions: essences, the nature, features of functioning and regulation of the market of cryptocurrencies in the professional academic environment. The nature of the actual public illumination of a number of aspects of the cryptocurrency industry, including possibility of ICO, at the V International scientific and practical conference "Administrative Sciences in the Modern World" which was taking place in Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation (December, 2017), in particular, the report of the associate professor of the Financial university M. E. Kulagina "Separate aspects of attraction of investments into the business by means of ICO" carrying can be an example of manifestation of trivial professional interest in this subject if to speak about the scientific party of a conference, information character, naive and no more than informative for profane persons. Or, for example, a public (open) lecture for students on legal regulation a blockchain technologies of professor of department of criminal law, criminal trial and criminalistics of MGIMO (U) E. L. Sidorenko. At a lecture besides students there was also a Deputy Prime Minister of Russia I. I. Shuvalov. Our interest has been dictated by other circumstances. This interest the phenomenology of the power, the theory which concept is proved and submitted by us to scientific community in a number of publications including in article "Phenomenology of the power affects unconditional need of further judgment and development of the theory: genesis of forms of manifestation of a global system contradiction "creditors are debtors".  

The subject of the article is the configuration of the banking sector. Most often, the problems of the organization and functioning of this sphere are viewed from the standpoint of the external logic of things and the established notion of it as the aggregate of commercial banks under the central bank's regulatory head. Meanwhile, this approach is not relevant. This article discloses the approach to the banking sector as part of the country's monetary system. The purpose of the article is to focus attention on the fact that the change in the type of monetary system by the decision of the international Jamaica conference should entail an adequate transformation of the banking sphere, which practically did not happen; as a result, a contradiction arose, requiring its realization. When disclosing the subject of research and presenting the material, methods were used from general to particular, deduction and induction, organic sequence and a number of other scientific methods. As a result of the research, it was concluded that it is necessary to overcome the contradiction between the modern monetary system and the existing configuration of the banking sector. The field of application of the results of the article is the banking sphere. The practical task stemming from the content of the article is reduced to the need to ensure an organic correspondence between the general – the monetary system of the country and the private-banking sphere.  

Finance innovation is essential for efficient functioning of finance market and passing-over to digital economy. Digital technologies reform work methods of state bodies, companies, entrepreneurs and citizens making their objectives easier. Digital innovation stimulates the development of digital economy and society, provides an opportunity to use new achievements in different fields and causes transformation of economy. Companies with the high level of organizational and human capital can get the highest profits from investment in digital technologies. These companies are rather flexible and are able to maximize benefits from their investment through finding and using possibilities for sales growth, process reorganization and production efficiency rising. In these circumstances the key driver of the process of passing-over to digital economy is finance innovation. The article shows historical preconditions of the phenomenon, i.e. digital economy rising and offers the author’s definition. The author classifies basic factors affecting the process of digital economy development and puts forward the channels of raising companies’ productivity through investment into digital technologies, which leads to digital transformation of business.  

Borrower’s solvency is his/her ability to settle accounts in full and in due time with the creditor under his/her credit obligations. Estimation of client’s solvency is obvious for everyone. Today the notion of borrower’s solvency should be considered in a new aspect, which differs from the conventional wording highlighted widely in Russian – English economic literature. The new aspect is connected with risk-management development. The future of the credit organization depends on its ability to estimate the borrower’s solvency. The choice of the optimal method for client’s solvency estimation is a serious problem, as the correct methodology of borrower’s solvency estimation affects liquidity, creditability and finance stability of credit organizations and the banking system in general. The author studies key methods of estimating the borrower’s solvency in today’s conditions, including methods of estimating borrower’s solvency in Russia, Tajikistan and overseas countries on the basis of the system of finance coefficients and other methods.  

The main activities of Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation (Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation) on assistance to development professional and business education proceeding from one of strategic objectives of social and economic development of the Russian Federation – development of business activity and tasks of strengthening of personnel and enterprise potential are presented in article. Authors expose shortcomings of the existing system of formation of enterprise shots and define the major problems and ways of their overcoming. Regulations on need of creation of educational clusters are formulated: schools – SPO – higher education institutions, their transfer to innovative technologies of training for business. Ways of development of interaction of the state, business, public organizations and educational institutions when training for business activity are offered. The special place in this interaction and in activity of Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation is allocated to financial education of subjects of small and average business in view of the low level of financial literacy of businessmen and to his lag on value from average indicators of the countries of OECD. The question of an important component of social responsibility of business – his interaction with the educational organizations, expansion and activization of participation of representatives of business community in educational process, in grant programs, in the operating bodies, etc. is brought up. The opinion on need of formation of uniform educational system for beginners and the acting businessmen is expressed, tasks of her creation are set and possible ways of their solution are proposed. Authors have offered the concrete directions of strengthening of influence of Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation on processes of training of specialists (participation in formation of the state order for training of specialists taking into account the prospects of development of regional economies, development of dual and network training, development of the competences necessary for the sphere of business, and the programs allowing to form successfully them) and measures for their realization.  

The article studies the role of insurance business in the development of national economy. It analyzes figures of insurance market, identifies the acute lines in its development and assesses the current condition of insurance industry. The author shows specific features of the effective Russian practice of protection of insurance service customers’ needs, explains legal innovations in protection of insured rights, puts forward recommendations dealing with high-quality risk management in conditions of digital economy and introduction of advanced system approaches for designing industry standards of insurance service customers’ protection with due regard to regional specificity of entities of the Russian Federation. Parameters of developing the business model of the insurance organization were identified. The author’s idea of the insurance innovation was offered and advantages of its use were demonstrated. On the basis of the analysis of the macro-economic situation on Russian regional insurance market the author assessed the level of insurance development in the territorial aspect. It was proposed to design regional insurance programs for the development of the insurance system, which could foster a rise in economic independence of regions and strengthening of finance market. Specific features of the insurance industry after joining the WTO were shown. The author came to the conclusion about the declining participation of foreign capital in insurers’ authorized capital, which proves a low interest in Russian market on the part of overseas investors. Priority goals aimed at insurance business development according to the Concept of risk-oriented approach, adopted by the Bank of Russia to regulate the Russian insurance sector were set.

The research deals with the development of teaching, research, organizational and administrative, commercial activity of departments for physical training in today’s social and economic circumstances. The authors of the article put forward the concept aiming at broadening further education services, at research in the field of students’ and employees’ health control, at using technological achievements for managing the teaching process in physical culture, at differentiation of the teaching process for students freed from classes and students of special medical groups. Innovation of technological support of the teaching process in physical culture includes setting of the local informationeducational media, i.e. network e-journal. The directions of the Concept have image nature, which meet current social and economic conditions and strategy of higher education development. As a result of the Concept introduction the teaching process and further education activity were diversified and systematized. Apart from that in 2017 the volume of publications of the faculty increased by 90%.  

The article describes the situation in the home machine-tool industry in concrete, the most economically strained periods of time. The condition of Russian economy and the impact of external environment limit the opportunity to restore Russian machine-tool industry but it does not cut the topicality of the issue. The author analyzes dynamics of changes connected with the Federal program aimed at the development of home machine-building and tool-making industry. It is shown that within the frames of the program the institute of system integrators on the basis of state-private partnership is formed and interaction between counter-agents of machine-building market oriented to consolidation of market offers and work with home products is organized. Trends of machine-building market transformation were shown, on this basis correction of the existing system of production organization is conducted. Different variants of designing a new generation of science-intensive machine-building products are offered for consideration and use. Special attention is paid to creating finance and budget base of the industry and shaping an advanced innovation environment. In order to overcome stereotypes in technological sphere it was proposed to set up machine-building clusters, which could provide clear interaction of cooperated chains from designing, production of electronic component base, details, knots, output of finished goods to further service maintenance and full engineering.  

Attracting and retaining young researchers and lecturers in universities is one of the most important social and economic challenges in today’s system of Russian higher education within the frames of strategy aimed at making the university faculty younger. The article provides findings of the research dealing with methods of improving university’s efforts aimed at attracting younger specialists to the faculty. It shows the results of analyzing personnel of the Russian Plekhanov University of Economics by age and discusses a set of steps aiming at raising the level of labour satisfaction of the younger faculty. The novelty of conclusions and practical recommendations is connected with linking measures of the development of young staff reserve with steps aimed at making university rating indicators higher, which turns young specialists into a real strategic resource of raising its competitiveness. In this sphere special attention should be paid to proposals dealing with the development and wider use of such a quality of younger university employees as their knowledge of foreign languages. It will allow to attract them to classes of Russian-English programs and to intensify the work of the faculty in overseas social networks, platforms Scopus, Web of Science (WOS) and to organize the work for designing and implementing programs of further professional education in foreign language. The participation of young specialists in this and any other activity, which could bring profit, will make it possible to resolve a problem important for any university, i.e. motivation and low pay of young specialists.  

The article reveals features of usage of modern technologies of financial management in practice of public finance management. It defines the main objectives of financial management tools in public sector. It underlines the connection between the monitoring of quality of financial management in the budgetary sphere and budgetary policy implementation by ensuring control and accountability in public resources management. It proves the necessity to develop and enhance the specific system of assessment indicators when carrying out monitoring of quality of financial management in the organizations of the budgetary sphere. Examples of the indicators used when carrying out monitoring of quality of financial management of higher educational institutions are given. Based on the results of monitoring of quality of financial management of higher educational institutions the complex of problems in the sphere of management of finance of higher educational institutions is identified. Practical recommendations are offered for the most problematic areas of financial management of educational institutions, such as, strategic and operational management of expenses; system of financial planning, budgeting and control; information support of decision-making, liquidity management; financial risks management. Taking into consideration the leading foreign practice, the complex of actions has been developed, which would allow to significantly improve the quality of financial management in the Russian system of higher education.  

The article shows the current state of small and medium entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation. The comparison of innovation figures of business of different size in Russia and EU countries was conducted. The research was able to identify the long-term laws of the development of small and medium business in conditions of cyclic renewal of the technological base of industry and achievements that take into account such laws of supply in upgrading the system of state support. During investigation of figures of small business development it was empirically confirmed that there was a link between the level and character of innovation activity of small and medium enterprises and stages of developing a new technological structure in economy. On the basis of statistical data the role of business of different sizes was identified on phases of the long wave of economic development. The article describes the present system of state support of small and medium enterprises in the Russian Federation and shows drawbacks of such support of small and medium business and puts forward steps aimed at its improvement in conditions of necessity to form a new technological base of industry. The author substantiates the approach to the development of the system of state support of small and medium enterprises, which take into account the specific features of its development on certain stages of the long wave under the influence of renewal of the technological base of industry.  

The current stage of economics development is characterized by high interest in studying economic theory. A key aspect of this theory is studying customer behavior. When Russian economy overcame the economic crisis, the study of issues of the consumption theory acquired an additional importance, as they provide an indicator of economy development showing the degree of meeting the population needs. The author summarized the theoretical material dealing with this line, revised it creatively and gave a forecast of consumption development for the future. Such notions as ‘needs’, ‘consumption’ and ‘customer behavior’ were defined. The algorithm of the process of decision-making about the purchase was provided and factors influencing this process were enumerated. The author shows new trends of shaping a customer choice in conditions of passing-over to digital economy. The article points out that as informational-communications technologies develop, information begins to play a more and more important role in the process of customer decision-making. Apart from that issues of market segmentation were considered, classification of key groups of today’s customers was put forward and groups of customers using ICT in the process of decision-making were identified.  

The article describes a new model of agent modeling as a tool of researching complicated heterogenic decentralized socio-economic systems. It was shown that agent modeling provides an opportunity to solve problems of high complexity, in particular researching complex heterogenic decentralized socio-economic systems with regard to psycho-social and psycho-emotional aspects of actors’ behavior, like those systems studied in examples of the present research. A new methodology of using models for imitation modeling of dynamic social-economic processes was designed. On the basis of methodology proposed by the authors an innovation, effective informational system to research organizational structures with regard to psycho-social aspects for typical actors, their customers and typical actions was developed. The article provides examples of the impact of organization structures on their functioning and viability. It was shown that open applied tools can be used to analyze the efficiency of organizational social-economic systems, their viability and functioning providing competitiveness of the system. An example of using the designed tools in connection with the research of efficiency of reorganizing the elements of the structure ’University’ as a model of the higher education institution. The authors put forward a number of recommendations aimed at organization of elements of the system ‘University’.  

High-quality nourishment of school children is an important factor of ensuring health and wellbeing of nation. The article gives information about providing hot meals to school children of comprehensive secondary institutions in the Voronezh region, which is one of the biggest entities of the Russian Federation. The region has its own specific features, typical illnesses included. For instance, school children in the region have a higher rate of illnesses of the digestion system, metabolism disorders, including overweight, some school children are registered in the TB prophylactic centers. The regional administration pays serious attention to organization of catering in education institutions. It was shown that provision of hot meals to school children in the region makes 92.7% on the average, while in 10 out of 31 municipal districts this figure reaches 100%. The governor’s program is functioning in the region, according to which school children from the 1 to the 10 form are provided with milk. The diet of school children includes iodized salt, bakery enriched with iodine-casein, vitamin drinks. However, school children have no opportunity to get complex prophylactic and medical nutrition, which corresponds to regional peculiarities on illnesses. In general, organization of school children catering is done in accordance with the current legislative regulations on the basis of state policy of the Russian Federation and its entities.  

Transition to innovative economy becomes a characteristic tendency of modern development of many countries. A characteristic trend of the modern development of many countries is the transition to an innovative economy. And for Russia the innovation-technological development of its regions is important. The authors outline five main indicators that help determine the level of innovation and technological development of one of the largest industrial regions of Russia - the Kemerovo region. The special role of the Kemerovo region as a large territorial production complex of Western Siberia requires large-scale work to address the most acute regional problems. The system of state measures aimed at making the innovation component a leading factor in the competitiveness of the regional economy should include the development of a long-term innovation strategy, the improvement of the innovation infrastructure, the creation of a financing system for innovation, the attraction of highly qualified personnel to the innovation sphere and the strengthening of interregional and international innovation and technological cooperation, in particular with the BRICS and EEU.  Keywords: innovative and technological development, innovations, mining region, innovative economy, Kemerovo region, mining industry, industrial policy.

The authors studied the influence of the main legislative changes of 2018 on the work of enterprises. They gave their legal assessment. They focused on amendments made to the tax legislation, which directly affects the financial condition of any organization. This analysis was conducted on the basis of the direct use of federal laws that have been published recently, Government decrees, Orders of the Federal Tax Service of Russia, Decrees of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and other primary sources. Some of the innovations are paid special attention. In particular, it became possible, under certain conditions, to receive installment plan if the company is not able to pay additional charges based on the results of the tax audit. Chapter 25 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation on profit tax has a fundamentally new concept of investment tax deduction, which allows a number of companies to significantly reduce this budget payment. The composition of expenses of organizations for training employees, recorded for profit tax purposes, has been expanded. The system "tax free", which contains many features in the part of VAT, has been activated in Russia. Exporters were given the opportunity to refuse to apply the zero rate. Regarding the income tax for natural persons, amendments were made for the case of reorganization of the enterprise. In this regard, the most important reporting forms were updated: 2-НДФЛ and 6-НДФЛ. The entirely new forms are used for property taxes. This applies to declarations on corporate property tax, transport and land taxes. The Federal Tax Service has already issued control ratios for them. This is very important for self-assessment. Changes in insurance premiums have also been analyzed, for the calculation of which the limit bases have grown. In addition, a new form of СЗВ-СТАЖ, followed by the form of ОДВ-1. inspectors received more reasons not to accept the calculation of insurance premiums. It is noted that the judges recently made several important verdicts that will help companies in their practical activities. Also, significant changes in the part of inspections, labor legislation, civil and accounting legislation were analyzed. Advice on the use of innovations is given, explanations of officials and arbitration cases are given. This will allow companies to organize their activities in the best possible way.  

 The article explains why Indian market is so important for suppliers of military products. In the 2000-s a new stage of military and technical cooperation between India and the USA was started. Our analysis showed that due to contracts signed in 2006–2016 their interaction grew sharply and the USA managed to take the second line among arms suppliers to India. There are disagreements in the field of Indian-American military and technical cooperation and they are mainly connected with transfer of technology. Initiatives in joint research and development have not produced the results that might be interesting for India, i.e. the development of products having export potential. It was shown that this situation is caused by legislative restrictions existing in the USA regarding transfer of intellectual property in the field of military products. It was found out that American companies set up joint ventures with Indian firms but they focus on component production and assembly but not on finished products manufacturing, which does not correspond to goals of India that plans to become an exporter of military products.

The article is devoted to the history of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics in the period of perestroika and his transformation from the Moscow Institute of National Economy to the Russian Economic Academy. On the basis of archival materials, the author made an attempt to understand what trends formed the basis for the transformations made in the late 1980s and early 1990s, what goals and objectives the university leadership set for itself, what price and what was achieved despite all Shocks and transformations, through which the Russian state and society had to pass. The article presents an analysis of the tasks set by the leadership of the Moscow institute of national economy in the Comprehensive Program of Social and Economic Development of the Institute for the period up to 2010, adopted in 1987. Despite the fact that its implementation was corrected by historical processes, much of what was planned at the first stage was implemented and formed the basis for the modernization of the university that began then. The scientific value of the article lies in the fact that it is written with the use of previously unexplored archival materials that allow a better understanding of the processes and problems associated with the transition of the university to a self-supporting system and the introduction of profiling. In addition, the article presents the dynamics of the volume of scientific research and its funding in the university in 1987–1991.