The article deals with changes, which will happen to the organization at the new stage of the economic development, i. e. in economy of knowledge. The author points out that traditional economic categories, such as labour, property, money will be seriously changed. Labour under the influence of information and knowledge will transform into creativity, the role of private property will increase, money will become virtual and proliferation of crypto-currency will broaden not only on the global but on the local level as well. All these factors will seriously influence the organization and processes taking place in it. A lot of organizations will pass on to the virtual form. According to the author, organizational culture will alter: the fear of decision - making will disappear, the access of team members to information will rise, private and corporate goals will coincide. The basis of the organization efficiency will be formed by its specialization. Organizations will become decentralized and their structures will lean on teams and bureaucratic bodies. The use of innovation both in production and in all other spheres will become an obligatory foundation of business competitiveness. In conclusion the author puts forward the conceptual model of the organization in economy of knowledge.

Today Russia is facing three crises: the system crisis of global economy, the cyclic 2008 crisis and the home Russian crisis caused by reforms. To overcome the triple crisis it is necessary to implement fundamental transformations. Russia needs a scientific way. No other way is possible. Only national market governed by state and coordinated with economic laws can secure our country. State must play the principle role. The national market adequately controlled by state can guarantee economic security of Russia. It cannot be achieved either by boarder control or by the nuclear-missile shield. Market laws are stronger, they can ruin economy from inside. The article shows drawbacks of national economy management in soviet times, underlines incompetence of communist party leaders, who denied market and failed to coordinate industrial relations with market laws. The current situation in Russia was caused by non-scientific approach to state governing of the national market. Not a single political party in Russia understands the current situation and realizes that the country is ruled by business-market. The 20th and the early 21st century brought a high level of technology to our planet. In technological aspect mankind progressed, however science about market lagged behind. Therefore, society instead of developed form of market relations came to business-market, the most perverted and dangerous form of market in human history. Today Russia is choosing strategy for the future: it can be the inertial way of ineffective reforms extension or mobilization of intellectual resources necessary to restructure national economy on principles of developed economy with the leading role of state. Effective national economy can be created only by governance adequate to developed market, where the leading role belongs to state.

The article analyzes the biggest world bankruptcies of the early 21-st century, which influenced greatly the people's attitude to the subject of crises, to their attention to preventive measures dealing with crises identification and also to further development of economy and politics of the whole world, especially in regulation and sanctioning of violations that could cause organization bankruptcy. The author studies the fact that global bankruptcies of 2008 repeated examples of big companies' bankruptcies, which took place earlier and sometimes even exceeded their scales and losses. This economic trend makes us think about effectiveness of the current system of organizations' risk management. In order to avoid such repetitions in economic entities' insolvency it is necessary to find out and investigate the key causes of the biggest world bankruptcies and to develop some recommendations aimed at their prevention in the future. The article shows that the majority of these causes are connected with human factors (the fear of top management, desire to gain more money, etc.), which means that it is difficult to overcome them, but still it is possible. Thus, the most acute is the attempt to provide recommendations aimed at smoothing certain causes of organizations' bankruptcies identified in the given analysis.

The article deals with assessment of digital economy contribution to economy of the Russian Federation. The author reviews the most frequently cited publications providing information about the volume of digital economy in GDP of Russia, as well as methods of this indicator estimation. The review was prepared by publications cited by Russian authors, which include research and analytical reports of the Russian Association of E-Communications, Boston Consulting Group and McKinsey. As a result the conclusion was reached that the absence of a unified concept of digital economy for statistics aims and a method of assessing the contribution of digital economy to GDP could hinder processes of digital transformation, as necessary tools of control and monitoring are not available. Classification principles used today in international statistics form the basis of product differentiation dealing with digital economy. At the same time experts acknowledge insufficient details in initial data for identification and classification of relevant types of products in orientation to national account data. In the future it is necessary on the basis of international organizations and home developments and concepts to work out steps aimed at encouraging presentation of digital economy spheres in the system of national accounts and creation of statistic tools, which could allow us to avoid fragmented study of digital economy.

The article studies the acute issues of Russia movement towards digital innovation economy. The author discusses specific features of the digitalization process in our country leaning on fundamental state documents in the field, i. e. the Strategy of innovation development of the Russian Federation up to 2020 and the Program 'Digital Economy of the Russian Federation'. It was shown that problems highlighted in these documents, such as insufficient financing and underdeveloped normative-legal support were confirmed by latest statistic data. According to the author, these problems have system nature and caused not by occasional circumstances but by deeper reasons. The author analyzes examples of concrete innovation developments in different fields of economy, such as construction, agro-technology, powder metallurgy and bio-technology and showed difficulties facing today's Russian production and service sector in their urge towards digital future. Special attention is paid to the leader of the present day innovation economy -computer technologies. The author came to the conclusion that though serious innovation developments are available, possibility of their introduction is dubious. Referring to the earlier fundamental analysis of liberal reforms of the 1990-s prepared by prominent Russian scientists the author puts forward certain ideas aimed at resolving these problems and contradictions.

Designing strategy of social and economic development of the municipal body implies the analysis of the effective norm-creative base, quantitative estimation of feelings and needs of the population in order to develop efficient methods of goal-setting in its implementation. The article provides findings of the sociological survey within the frames of the project of designing the Strategy of social and economic development of the municipal body 'Namskiy Ulus' for the period 2019-2021 and up to 2030. This Strategy includes shaping the mission, priorities, strategic goals and lines in the social and economic development of the municipal body, key investment projects, resource sources necessary to achieve the system of strategic goals and objectives of the long-term social and economic development. It was underlined that the principle task of the Strategy is to integrate bodies of self-government, state power of the Saha Republic (Yakutiya) in order to create comfortable conditions for cooperation between state and society aimed at implementation of strategic goals of social and economic development of the municipal body 'Namskiy Ulus'. The authors investigated issues of the budget process in the municipal body 'Namskiy Ulus'.

The efficient social and economic development of the Russian Federation is impossible without sustainable development of its entities, which implies well-balanced regional economy based on advanced production, housing and public utility, transport and other types of infrastructure; the development of social sphere and provision of favourable living conditions for the population; elimination of misbalances in regional development. At the same time the social and economic development of our country gradually acquires the innovation orientation, which sets new goals for state aimed at ensuring sustainable dynamics of innovation processes at the regional level. The essential condition of the country and its regions innovation development is the effective regulating impact on the whole totality of lines, which could raise innovation activity and competitiveness of different levels. The authors analyzed Russia's positions in the global innovation index, studied the index components, which could give the country an opportunity to get high results of innovation activity and those indicators, where Russia is lagging behind the majority of countries. The authors showed the factors hindering the impact on innovation processes both in quantitative and qualitative indicators of innovation activity. Leaning on statistic data the authors analyzed key social factors influencing conditions and results of innovation development in regions for the last decade and highlighted principle problems hindering innovation processes.

The article researches the acute problem of cutting tax debts in the structure of local budgets. The author estimated arrears on payments to the local budget and proposed steps aimed at their cutting. By using economic-statistical methods the article showed the importance of local taxes to municipal bodies' budget and analyzed their dynamics and structure. On the basis of information obtained from the Federal Tax Service and the Federal Treasury the author made the rating of entities and federal districts of the Russian Federation by the rate of debts to the budget growth by local taxes in 2006-2018. The article also investigated the rate of land tax collection in foreign countries. The author systematized the successful Russian and overseas practice of cutting tax debts of local budgets and raising the rate of local taxes collection depending on the level of budget-taxation system (federal, regional, local). The material of the article can be used in the process of teaching students of different stages of education, shaping the research foundation of employees and decision-making on budget and taxation issues on the part of administration bodies.

The article provides upgrading of methodology of estimating the sustainable social and economic development on rural territories. This research required general scientific methods, such as analysis, comparison, abstract-logical, monographic and certain economic-mathematic methods. The proposed methodology is based on the method of rating estimation. As a result of such estimation rural territories were identified by types (leading, successful, developing, lagging behind, crucial) and by the level of social and economic development (sustainable, transitional, unsustainable). This methodology was approved on the rural territory of the Chelyabinsk region. For each territory total scores were calculated and corresponding ratings were given. The lowest score guarantees the highest rating. The major part of territories was included in the group of developing areas characterized by the transitional level of social and economic development (10 districts). The second place was taken by lagging behind territories with unsustainable level of social and economic development (6 districts). The Sosnovskiy municipal district is identified as the most developed one (17 scores). By this estimation the district is included in successful territories characterized by sustainable level of social and economic development. The practical importance of the research is connected with the necessity to identify trends of rural territories to move towards sustainable social and economic development and the possibility to use this information in state programs aimed at sustainable development of rural territories on municipal, regional and federal levels.

The article was devoted to improving the management of human resources in the educational institution. On the basis of Russian and international experience, the main tasks of personnel management in a modern university were considered. Key factors determining peculiarities of personnel work in the university depending on the development strategy, life cycle, priority areas of activity have been identified. Separate proposals have been formulated to strengthen the role of the personnel service in increasing the competitiveness of Russian universities in the international arena. The main reserves of efficiency of personnel work in the university were analyzed. Challenges and opportunities were identified to ensure staff involvement in solving the strategic tasks of the educational institution on the basis of increasing motivation of employees and taking into account their labour contribution to the progressive development of the university. Existing contradictions and problems in assessing the activities of scientific and pedagogical workers and communicating the results of the assessment to the performers were identified. The system of com-plex evaluation of personnel of educational institution is proposed, its goals and tasks are defined. Classifications of objects, subjects and methods of assessment are proposed. The need to apply progressive methods of assessing university personnel on the basis of MBO (management by objectives) using KPI, 360-degree approach, etc., was justified. Directions of personnel evaluation results use in personnel decision-making are defined.

The current stage of economic development is characterized by an increasing interest in the study of strategic planning and management. One important direction of this theory is to study the theoretical and methodological foundations of planning both in the broadest sense and in the narrower ones. The current stage of development of the world economy is characterized by a rapid change of external impacts on the enterprise, which places high demands on its management system, which should adequately respond to the challenges of time. In this regard, the role of strategic planning, which defines the main directions of the enterprise in the future, is significantly increasing. The article outlines existing approaches to strategic planning as well as factors influencing the process. The author studied the interpretations of the term "strategic planning" available in the scientific literature, its wording is given taking into account modern trends. The concepts of "strategic analysis" and "strategic forecast" are also considered, on the basis of which the strategic plan of the enterprise is formed. A brief analysis of existing planning methodologies is carried out with a view to developing a strategic plan. Conclusions were drawn on the need to choose the best methodological approach and economic tools for strategic planning.

This article is devoted to an attempt to look at the problems of public administration of the Russian Federation from a different, evolutionary angle. Drawing a parallel between the level of development of society as a whole and the individual with the level of complexity of the structure of companies and the state apparatus, the main evolutionary turns were considered. Each such stage is different from the previous with the style of management in the organization, the complexity of hierarchical structures, requirements and expectations for employees of different ranks, corporate culture. Each organizational paradigm appeared in response to the external environment, stimulating adaptation to the changing reality in one way or another. The diversity and constant evolution of forms of relationships among individuals, organization of the process of their common work and is itself the proof, the cause and the necessity of continuous development of organizational structures. Each stage described in this paper has an existing analog - an organization that consistently operates on the basis of a particular paradigm. Among other things, the most modern forms of organizational structure - the so-called green and emerald organizations were studied: their strengths and weaknesses, the most interesting practices were analyzed. Based on the analysis of companies belonging to different paradigms, conclusions were made about the effectiveness of their practices to solve the fundamental problems of the state organization. Thus, having explained the reasons for the fundamental problems of the present state administration and having identified on the basis of which paradigm the state structures of the Russian Federation operate, the variants of their solution with the use of the experience of the so-called "orange", "green" and "emerald" organizations were proposed. According to the conclusions described in the article, it is impossible to move to a higher level of development by jumping a step or two, and therefore, at the moment it makes sense to consistently introduce selected practices of higher levels of development, carefully analyze the results of their implementation and, by trial and mistakes, to seek their own path of development.

Russia tries to find its own niche in processes of international labour distribution relevant to its intellectual, industrial and scientific potential in order to become a full-fledged participant of global economy, to use advantages of the international exchange, which could provide economic growth and effective reforming of the national economy structure. It implies the necessity to develop the advanced system of international collaboration institutions and shape a set of efficient tools to control processes of Russian economy integration into the global economic system in condition of globalization, as well as to work out a well-grounded state strategy in the field of regional policy. The article investigates planning of concentration processes, managing these processes on scientific basis and choosing the optimum size of enterprises. The mentioned-above issues are very important in the system of industrial production planning. Planning of industrial concentration requires thorough parameter estimation. Some factors are effective in all industries, others - within the frames of certain industries or groups of related ones. The economic effect of concentration is connected with raising technical and economic indicators in product manufacturing as a result of increasing the size of production and enterprises. The author proves that concentration of big production capacities, material and labour resources at one enterprise could provide more effective and economical use of key production components (equipment, raw materials and lab our). At the same time opportunities to raise labour productivity and cut costs were identified.

The quality of project documents, in particular, pricing and estimate standardization used in them can impact indicators of project efficiency and control over quality management of their implementation. The article analyzes principle challenges of the innovation development of production systems. The author worked out the method of fixed capital shaping based on higher accuracy of identifying sizes of investment at all stages of the investment cycle through better quality of project and estimate documents. A method of finding the value of projects was put forward, whose essence lies in using the information theory of project evaluation at all stages of projecting by indicators of its information difficulty. The sequence of stages in project implementation was substantiated by splitting-up jobs of preparatory and main period. Thus the value of the project is identified not by constructive parameters, but by the general value of parametric difficulty. As a result of the analysis the author came to the following conclusion: the use of the method of estimating project component value gives an opportunity to coordinate the technical level of the project, while its parameters are brought in conformity with the 6-th technological structure.

The article shows that competitiveness is a principle vector of the organization development. The majority of errors, losses and failures in social and economic systems are caused by concrete people faults, which proves the necessity to study personnel risks that are connected directly with competitiveness. At the same time the most valuable resource of any organization is people as they develop, produce and promote products and services. Developing personnel, their professional and personality qualities could provide a key to positive changes in the organization, which is an important condition of its competitiveness. It points out to the necessity to focus on in-company personnel training. The author worked out the integrated version of models of ties in the organization competitiveness mechanism. It is shown that it is essential to conduct timely continuous personnel training in the organization by using the proposed models of ties in order to avoid and minimize possible damages caused by personnel faults and consequently, to guarantee economic security of the organization, adequate level of competitiveness for its stable functioning today and in the future.

One of the most important lines in state governance in Russia is an increase in its effectiveness and one of the utmost goals of state HR management is a rise in efficiency and effectiveness of professional service duties of civil servants. To attain these results is impossible without effective use of advanced methods and ways of influencing the staff of state bodies. The article provides the author's definition of advanced methods of managing the efficiency of professional office duties of civil servants. As potential methods of managing the efficiency of professional office duties of civil servants the author puts forward the following: 1) management by goals and results and the system of balanced indicators; 2) project management; 3) effective contract. As a result of the research these methods were defined as advanced methods of managing the efficiency of professional office duties of civil servants. At the same time serious drawbacks in their practical application were found. The importance of the research is shown by the need to modernize the found advanced methods. Elimination of these drawbacks could allow us not only to adapt these tools to the present day goals of state bodies, but also to raise the efficiency of state governance in general.

The article deals with Russian retail trade. Today it is very topical due to our economy digitalization and sanctions introduced by some foreign countries. The authors study methodological approaches to the analysis of operative risks in trade and search for risk estimation models in operations of order shaping for the product range, payment, acquisition, transportation, damage, storage and product sale. The conceptual model of researching operative risks in trade was put forward and methodological substantiation of summarized methods and models was given. They are useful for direct application in estimating operative risks in practice, such as those connected with foreign currency, inflation, interest rate, transportation, damage and loss of products and missed profit. The authors give practical examples of using the groups of formal methods of risk estimation in wholesale operations dealing with purchase and sale of foot ware by big retailers. Practical importance of the research results is connected with the opportunity to use these models for operative risk estimation, which could cut losses and minimize risks, avoid unfavourable economic after-effects in the work of Russian retailers.

The article studies key problems of Russian trade chains. Foreign publications dealing with product range and stock management in retail trade were analyzed. As a result of the researching the logistic and marketing work of chain trade operators of FMCG sector in Russia certain trends were found, which determine the vector of their development for the next 5-10 years and at the same time act as the catalyst of their current problems. To investigate the key problems in detail the results of projects on business process re-engineering and optimization of product stock carried out within 15 years were used. As a result two principle problems were found typical of the majority of retailers: the low turnover of stocks leading to overstock and out-of-stock of the most popular and profitable products in outlets, i.e. trade branches or affiliates (regional storehouses). It should be mentioned that these problems arise in trade chains together, thus the global problem can be formulated in the following way: continuous out-of-stock with overstock. It means that today trade chains are facing the target objective - to shape a unique product rage for each outlet or even for a concrete customer and to meet the arising demand with the optimum level of stock and costs. In the process of practical realization of projects on stock optimization in trade chains the authors developed a certain algorithm of solving the project problems and it was found out that external conditions that were not investigated could cause negative results of project implementation.