The article deals with problems facing Russian stock exchange in conditions of sanctions imposed by western states on organizations and individuals of the Russian Federation. They are harmful and affect key financial institutions of Russia, thus they are bound to impact the stock market experiencing turbulence since late February 2022. In order to cut the adverse influence of such measures both the government and the regulator (the Central Bank of the Russian Federation) have to response by tough decisions aimed at stabilizing the situation in finance sphere, among which we should mention a sharp rise in the key interest rate, closing stock trading on the Moscow exchange, restrictions on foreign currency transactions and interventions on stock market. The article highlights problems that caused serious fluctuations of currency rate on commodity and foreign exchange markets brought about by unstable political situation in the world. The authors evaluated prospects of further movements of market and possible countermeasures, which should be taken both by the Russian government and the regulator to smooth negative after-effects in country economy.

The Russian stock exchange resumes its functions after a temporary break due to the special operation in Ukraine.  A lot of companies tend to modify their finance behavior, for instance, methods of finance control are rather topical today, as both cash flow lines and approaches to dividend policy shaping are changing. The goal of the research is to identify dependence between dividend policy, key parameters of company work and investment behavior of the population. Today extra drivers of economic growth and tools of market stabilization are necessary. According to the theory of company value corporations would increase their capitalization and thus raise shareholders’ profits, while now shareholders are interested in developing a dividend portfolio, whose profits are comparable with deposits and investing into bonds. Finance behavior of market entities has altered, as des-intermediation is going down, further differentiation of tax rates took place, tax burden on investors (both legal entities and individuals) was optimized and investors were differentiated by finance groups with provision of adequate dividends for each group. The author points out that due to serious changes on finance market we need controlling of profit distribution and corporate dividend flows, as well as timely revealing of deviations in cash flows. 

The present day development of digital economy is closely connected with achievements in the field of artificial intellect. The article analyzes key approaches to investigation of the terms ‘strong artificial intellect’ and ‘weak artificial intellect’ that were introduced to academic literature by different researchers. The principle content of the article deals with problems of artificial intellect in Russian and overseas economy. The authors demonstrate the key lines of using artificial intellect that are necessary for today’s life. These lines include medicine, navigation, agriculture, retail, marketing, linguistics, etc. They provide arguments showing that artificial intellect can lead to a new stage of developing man-machine interaction. However, the overall application of artificial intellect systems and neural nets can be hazardous. The article identifies key threats that could face mankind in case of mass introduction of artificial intellect in all spheres of life. Academic works dealing with this problem were analyzed, Russian and overseas organizations studying potential threats of artificial intellect were named. The principle conclusion shown in the research gives evidence that the scale and degree of using artificial intellect should be limited by legal and moral standards of human life to avoid serious consequences. And finally, conclusions were made about trends of developing artificial intellect and Industry 5.0 in the era of digitalization

The issue of growth in greenhouse emissions to the atmosphere is the most principle challenge of our century. Adverse after-effects of climate change require harmonization of global tasks dealing with climate protection and human activity. The article grounds the necessity to cut greenhouse gas emissions and shows our possibilities in this field. The authors study and analyze legislative initiatives and economic tools of the low-carbon development in Russia. The article shows risks for sustainable development of national economy, which are feasible in case climate agenda is ignored. It was proved that introduction of obligatory reporting on greenhouse emissions and business urge towards standards in three categories ESG – assessment (social, managerial and ecological) can directly impact eco-innovation development, green technologies and motivate home organizations to introduce such innovation. The authors put forward a technological solution on system intensification of search, working-out and introduction of eco-innovation aimed at lowering the amount of greenhouse emissions to home industry. The proposed digital service on devising and introducing scientific and technological projects and ecological technologies could cut enterprises’ pay for greenhouse gas quotas and later increase proceeds of commercial work. Finally, conclusions were made that in Russia necessary conditions were created for development and introduction into industry technological solutions, which possess positive social, ecological and economic effects for enterprise upgrading and cutting greenhouse gas emissions.

The article reveals specific features of the present day stage in the global systematic contradiction ‘creditors – debtors’ development. The origin of its critical stage was depicted in the context of form variety in the total hybrid, informational war that was projected well in advance, thoroughly worked-out and unleashed in a mass way against Russia by overseas and over-oceans Anglo-Saxon political elites. Technologies of the present day informational wars were studied and tools of cynical manipulation of public opinion of people in their own countries used to obtain a mass support of any decisions made by their governments were described. The massive information flow is meant to form a smoke-screen, which could hide real goals and intentions of architects of global domination. Deliberately formulated lies aim at discrediting a previously chosen object in eyes of the global public. This object is a nominated institutional enemy. This object forms a barrier due to its natural being and it is absolutely unacceptable for a new idea, i.e. global dominating exalted by British political elite to the strategic imperative of this implicit, pressing demand. Strategic imperative has a direct meaning, it is an official doctrine presented in a solemn, high-society atmosphere by the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Great Britain in the London City. The implicit demand, forming the essence of strategic imperative arose, grew and was promoted by all possible ways. This demand makes today the essence of Anglo-Saxon elites’ interests, the essence of any form of overthrowing the enemy in the process of developing the global systematic social-economic antagonism ‘creditors-debtors’. Today contradiction of interests of social groups forming poles of this antagonism passed over to the stage of global systematic antagonism of our era and has reached its climax. To attain the longed-for goal of strategic imperative for all of us London is going to stick to a new approach in international relations, which will be based on three spheres: military force, economic security and more advanced global alliances. Strategy of British political elite was defined and declared in public. An open, unprecedented by its aims and attracted resources challenge was thrown down to institutional enemies. Russia has accepted the challenge. Today Russia is facing numerous most serious problems that must be settled without any doubts. 

The development of various industries during crisis presupposes certain deviations from forecasts made before such situations and it should be taken into account in development strategies of industries. Identifying development trends in the investment-construction sphere during crisis can help correct strategic management of the industry, which forms an acute scientific and practical task. The goal of the research is to identify trends in development of investment and construction sphere to estimate optimum nature of its strategic management. The authors used systematization, classification and statistic analysis as methods of the research. They underline the fact that lately project bank financing has been developing vigorously, which improved safety level of holders’ investment and raised the demand on new homes market. According to the authors the Strategy of innovative development of construction industry in the Russian Federation up to 2030 makes up a fundamental document formulating the vector of its development for decades ahead. The authors came to the conclusion that today investment-construction sphere of the Russian Federation is fast developing industry and it has already restored the growth in indicators after the crisis caused by the corona virus pandemic. The outcome of the research is identified trends in the development of the investment-construction sphere in Russia during crisis and after it.

Today, when digital technologies keep proliferating and integrating in different spheres of human activity, relations among entities, including economy and finance, are being transformed, which makes them more convenient and effective. Digital technologies extend communicative possibilities, simplify movement of information and finance flows and reveal a broad range of lines in further improvement of mechanisms providing better interaction between key entities of finance market, including credit consumer cooperatives. The principle goal of the research is to identify and substantiate the most promising directions of digitalization in functioning of self-regulating bodies of credit consumer cooperatives (CCC), to extend the number of mechanisms of raising extra investment into their work and to improve general finance accessibility in the Russian Federation. Fast development of Russian economy during the last decade, proliferation of digital, finance, banking services and technologies exercised a great impact on the system of cash circulation and credit relations, which shapes a modern outlook of the finance sector in Russia, including the sector of credit cooperation. The article demonstrates two key lines in introducing digital technologies into CCC work and depicts major vectors of their practical application: 1. Digitalization of CCC organization and management processes, as well as optimization of interaction between its members, executive body and selfregulating organization; 2. Use of advanced digital technologies in CCC functioning. 

Fast development of innovation and energetic introduction of new technologies in everyday life exercise a great impact on shaping behavior patters. A prime goal of innovation development is to stimulate people’s abilities and competences that could allow them not only to adapt to constant changes in the world but also to initiate such changes. As a result, a notion of a new type of man’s behavior is being devised in today’s economics, i.e. innovation one. The article provides characteristic of key features of this phenomenon. The goals of the research is to identify sources of innovation behavior in economy and approaches to its investigation; to show factors stipulating individual’s inclination to innovation behavior; to characterize peculiarities of innovation behavior in production and consumption. To attain the mentioned goals the authors use methods of description and comparative analysis, inductive and genetic approaches. The authors came to the conclusion about dubious nature of innovation behavior and domination of individual and personality but not collective conditionality in it. At the same time changes in behavior patters are typical not only of individuals directly participating in production and new technology introduction, but also of consumers of the latter. Finally, the authors provide a summarized definition of innovation behavior in view of economic theory. 

A great number of enterprises of small and medium business (SMB) and a big variety of company specializations increase competitiveness of economy. A serious drop in the number of micro- and small enterprises in 2020 with a simultaneous increase in the number of medium enterprises testify to the fact that some organizations ceased their work, while others, on the contrary, integrate in order to expand and reach a new level of economic development. As 2020 was marked by the period of the corona virus infection, some organizations took a decision to merge and change their specialization to such area that were supported by the government during the pandemic to continue their business in such a complicated situation thanks to the state aid. In general, a key reason for cutting the number of SMB entities during this period is restrictive measures introduced in 2020 due to the corona virus infection. A lot of enterprises suffered losses during the pandemic and were forced to stop working. Recommendations worked out by the author on the basis of research findings can produce a favorable impact on the development of economic potential of small business enterprises.

The article studies key indicators of foreign trade in the republic of Armenia in 2010-2020, such as export, import, foreign trade turnover, import-export ratio. To evaluate the efficiency of foreign trade the author calculated the factor of import coverage, max import disposition and the coefficient of country openness (integration ratio) based on statistic date of Armenia. It was underlined that results are not high enough. The author worked out a correlation matrix, which helped find a dependence of Armenia export on six macro-economic indicators and estimate a degree of their impact on export volume. It was grounded that in the republic export depends mainly on import, foreign debt and GDP. Analysis of economic interrelations between respective indicators shows that increase in export at the expense of a rise in foreign debt or import cannot give a positive result, i.e. cutting the unfavorable balance of foreign trade. In order to improve trade balance of the republic of Armenia the author proposes to pay the most serious attention to speeding up of GDP growth.

The corona virus infection (COVID-19) had a destructive impact on the finance and economic system. There were interruptions in business processes, general slowing-down in economic activity, sharp rise in unemployment rate and initial drop in asset value due to finance market contraction. Monetary-credit and taxation-budget policy resulted in even higher interest rates, sharp growth in budget deficit and state debt. These factors affected both the state pension distribution and defined contribution pension systems. The goal of the research is to assess the impact of the corona virus infection (COVID-19) on financial wellbeing of the population and economic development of the country. Conditions were studied, when pensioners could invest their savings. The following methods of academic investigation were used: analysis, forecasting, synthesis, induction, deduction, observation and comparison.  A conclusion was drawn about the adverse impact of the pandemic on the pension system and changes in the global inflation and unemployment rates during the period of pandemic worsening in 2020–2021. Forecasts of the mentioned indicators were calculated up to 2024. Feasible measures of people support during the pandemic were proposed. The problem of pension system vulnerability to cyber attacks and various frauds was highlighted. 

The advanced on-line communicative technologies have transformed today’s labour market by provoking the emergence of gig-economy and platform employment. The goal of the research is to attract attention to problems dealing with employment flowing to spheres of virtual labour activity, which can seriously transform the current institutions of employment and labour offer. The tool and methodological set of the research is based on contentanalysis, system approach, methods of comparison, description and generalization of factual material. The article identifies the level of theoretical comprehension of the phenomenon of platform gig-economy as an element of digital economy. The article provides terminological approaches to understanding of ‘platform employment’ and its interpretation in view of alternative explanations demonstrating time remoteness nature of employment. Reasons for fast development of on-line services by request and their being in demand were analyzed. The authors systematized factors affecting the origin and transformation of gig-economy models with non-standard labour relations. They showed the essential characteristics, specificity and specialization of leading Russian and overseas digital platforms as intermediaries on gig-employment market, which could provide wider opportunities of creating alternative jobs for traditional workers. The definition of ‘platform economy with non-standard labour relations’ was specified in order to make this category more concrete.

The article studies possible alternatives of developing technological entrepreneurship in Russia and in the world in view of scenario approach: territorial communications in the scale of Big Eurasia programs; upgrading raw material technologies, in particular, mass access of small forms of technological business to completion of worked-out wells and mines; developing service sector for global economy (construction, transport, education, recreation, etc.). In this case gradation of countries according to the level of entrepreneurship development is carried out. Four groups of countries are named: highly-developed, medium-developed, underdeveloped and countries of the ‘falling type’ (for example, Afghanistan, Haiti, Somali, etc.). Classical definition of technological entrepreneurship tasks was formulated: selection of ideas, organization of financing, commercialization and mass production. The significance of private sector as a principle driver of the innovation process was highlighted. Types of financing for technological innovation were systematized according to countries: venture, in-company, state and mixed. State-private partnership for this type of business was assessed. Examples were provided on the basis of Russian and Danish experience in the underground construction. The authors proposed a global pyramid of technological entrepreneurship describing levels of development hierarchy. 

To ignore the ethno-cultural principle in defining the notion of ‘compatriot’ means recognition of too wide circle of people as such. Today the risk of turning the State program on fostering voluntary migration of compatriots from the repatriation project (the initial idea) into foreign labour recruiting is obvious. For instance, opportunities are limited for elderly and people with moderate means, who know Russian, belong to peoples of Russia and are ready to integrate into Russian society; representatives of title nations of some post-soviet states are recognized as compatriots though they do not possess the mentioned-above socio-cultural features; the same corruption costs typical of labour migration are formed; the quality of human capital provided at the expense of the State program does not comply with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and needs of Russian society development. To fill state policy with the adequate repatriation content it is necessary to revise its goals, bring them into line with the Constitution; to concretize the legal basis of the repatriation institution (return to the homeland) of compatriots, primary importance should be assigned to cultural-morale categories but not to economic ones. The key sociocultural features are mastering the Russian language, belonging to peoples of Russia and readiness to integrate into Russian society. Ideology of the State program should proceed from repatriation aims but not from recruiting ones. The author points out that it is necessary to reform the system of the State program implementation by providing it with the adequate way of selecting candidates in accordance with their socio-cultural features; opportunities to support elderly and those with moderate means for returning them to the historic homeland; elimination of commercial element in work with compatriots (both in countries of departure and on the territory of Russia); infrastructure for initial adaptation and further integration in Russian society. The article analyzes certain aspects of the State program and aims at identification of system problems of this repatriation project, as well as formulation of suggestions for their settlement and optimization of state policy in the field of migration.

In the situation of global threats and international social and economic pressure on the part of certain countries the development of science becomes very important for Russia and turns into a factor significant both for attaining national goals and effective adaptation to global challenges. In these circumstances the task of making subjects of academic research more acute with due account for national interests and global academic agenda acquires paramount importance. Such methods as qualitative and quantitative analysis, comparison, grouping, ranging and data aggregation were used in the research. The authors on the basis of SciVal data carried out a comparative analysis of subject priorities in academic research in Russian and the world that took into account publication activity indicators, top subject fields and topic clusters, which gave an opportunity to identify specificity of content trends of Russian science in view of global tendencies and find out promising lines of academic research. Sciencemetric tools were widely used for deep and detailed assessment of the most promising trends in academic research.

The article studies methods of recycling waste in the Russian Federation, including its effective recycling within the frames of introduction of the closed cycle, which aims at resolving ecological problems in the field of treating solid municipal waste (SMW) to obtain power and at cutting greenhouse gas emissions. Household and solid industrial waste litters our environment, spoils landscape and makes up the base of harmful biological, chemical and biochemical matters entering the sphere of our life. In social infrastructure fields of solid municipal waste take a bottom position. Objects of this type require serious attention and the effective system of treating waste should be developed. In this connection a research was done concerning output of dumping gas on SMW field in the city of Belgorod in order to obtain information about its energy use. The article provides findings of technological and economic analysis of the waste recycling process by getting biogases. The importance of obtained results of calculation and research could provide chances of implementing new innovation projects on power utilization of waste in case of acceptable payback period and profitability.

A major specific feature of today’s fast growing enterprises is a high share of intangible assets in the structure of organization property and considerable costs for R & D in the overall structure of expenditure. As a rule this feature is typical of enterprises of the highly-technological sector. They are characterized by a high degree of innovation in their functioning (new branches, new methods of production) or their results (advanced, revolutionary products), by using deep scientific knowledge, experience and advanced technologies. For these enterprises the problem of adequate managing of intangible assets is of paramount importance. The authors provide findings of the research dealing with the role of intangible assets as a factor of the highly-technological nature in the development of enterprise. They analyze key approaches in managing intangible assets aimed at growth and development of industrial production, put forward a model of managing intangible assets that can create optimum conditions for growth and development of enterprise in conditions of current challenges in the outward environment and objectives of national industrial policy.

The article underlines a leading role of intangible resources and assets in overall reserves of e-trade organization. Due to the fact that e-trade of entities using intangible resources have certain specific features affecting reliability of efficiency assessment the authors put forward a new method of assessing intangible resources efficiency, which can ensure the most precise evaluation. To choose a method of assessing intangible resources of e-trade organizations the following characteristics were taken into account: predominating share of intangible resources in the structure of overall reserves of the organization; the availability of non-identified intangible resources (usually they play an auxiliary role during other resource functioning); a bigger share of identified section of intangible resources in comparison with traditional trade; prevailing share of technologies in the structure of overall intangible resources. The authors grounded the expediency of using expert-sociological method of estimating intangible resources of etrade organization on the basis of their characteristics. This method provides an opportunity to include in the assessment the most important indicators of all key groups of stakeholders influencing the efficiency of intangible resources of e-trade organization, including the appraisal of industry experts and non-professional buyers. The method can provide splitting of indicators of intangible resource efficiency by groups of stakeholders and workingout the final integral assessment by all indicators being estimated.

The article provides authors’ ideas about organization, based on the notion of organizational balance that is secured by cyclic interaction of order and disorder, reorganization and disorganization. Striving for balance ensures continuous dynamics of organization development (ontogenesis). Guided by the ides of organizational balance the authors put forward and substantiate the thesis that organization is built in a different way compared with activity that is done by it. That is why to conduct effective transformations the organization should be studied and analyzed in another logic and parallelism between activity and organization accepted in managerial community acts as a hindering simplification. According to the authors, the manager gets a chance to see their organization and conduct needed changes that do not contradict its ‘nature’ only with the help of the organizational balance notion. The method of restoring organizational balance proposed for carrying out transformations is built on the artificial abstract separation of activity (business) and organization, their separate examination and diagnostic with further analysis and assembling steps on balancing with proposals aimed at upgrading businessprocesses within the frames of complicated organizational concept.

Agro-industrial value chains are studied poorly in Russia, in spite of the potential of the Russian agricultural industry. At present its export consists mainly of agricultural raw materials, which are processed in finished products by other countries, which get added value. It means rather low positions in international trade. In the field of researching agro-industrial value chains Russia still takes initial stages. The major part of Russian research deal with revising of overseas colleagues’ results. In comparison with foreign research these investigations cover a limited range of problems and study only occasionally other territories besides Russia and adjoining countries. To be used for applied purposes Russian research need deeper mathematic calculations: today such research, as a rule, shows statistic information on added value in a visual way, for example, demonstrates the Russia’s position in global agro-industrial value chains. Unfortunately, Russian investigations very seldom show in quantitative manner the potential effect of increasing integration of Russia in agro-industrial chains and identify lines, where this integration is necessary.

Efficiency of economy development directly depends on implementation of measures supporting business entities, including upgrading entrepreneurial infrastructure. This problem was repeatedly discussed at the highest level of state governance of the Russian Federation, in particular within the frames of the President of Russian address to the Federal Assembly in 2021. Business-incubators are a key element of such infrastructure. It should be pointed out that specialized literature has not thoroughly studied the issue of business-incubators functions in today’s economy.  In general these functions can be differentiated in accordance with the stage of macro-economic development and overall strategy of finance and economic policy observed within the frames of a concrete state, depending on geopolitical situation, trends in global economy changes, possible foreign economic preferences and risks. Effectiveness of today’s incubator development, viewed both in finance and social aspect directly depends on the quality of methodological tools of their functioning efficiency appraisal. The article gives a classification of business-incubators by a number of important economic and managerial criteria, which gives a chance to find their most preferable type depending on strategic goals and objectives of developing the incubator’s founder and general functioning requirements of the relative territorial (federal, regional or municipal) system of entrepreneurial work support.  The author underlines that today’s business-incubator should possess a multi-sectoral character, it should be set up for the conventionally unlimited period, provide system and various finance support to residents , be integrated into space of digital economy, realize its own education programs of different profile and have a preventive model of management. Business-incubator is considered in two aspects. In a wider sense it is a specialized social and economic institution oriented to provision of long-term rise in intensity and finance and economic efficiency of entrepreneurial activity at the expense of favorable conditions for locating potentially competitive businessstructures at the initial stage of their life cycles on special territories.  In the narrower sense business-incubator is an entity of territorial (federal, regional or municipal) system of supporting entrepreneurial initiatives, which could ensure their progressive development at the expense of providing production, technological, finance, information, consultative and other resources on preference or free of charge basis.

Effective brand-communication shaping is connected with continuous search for rational solutions in the chain of ‘brand-customer’ interaction in direct promotion of goods and services of the company as a whole. Insufficiency of resources, unstable market situation in conditions of social and economic restrictions caused by COVID-19 pandemic and deepening crisis in global community and in the country could result in redistribution of businessprocesses in the direction of growing advert-marketing communication in business. It is necessary to involve new target groups, extend impact zones taking into account the departure of some big international brands from the home market and creation of favorable conditions for regular effective communication with customers (target audience) in the future. The article studies lines that are used by media community today and identifies the following key tools, which can improve quality of brand-communication at the expense of providing better customer experience, building  long-term effective advert and PR-communication: CRM-marketing, company site optimization, development and implementation of content-strategy that could interest customers and shape or adjust effective exchange communications.