The article studies the essence of the sustainable development conception and explains the necessity for social and economic systems of different scale and level to pass to the self-supporting trend. Overcoming difficulties connected with natural restrictions of civilization progress makes managers comprehend deep nature and immanent phenomena of social and economic systems and use relevant new mechanisms of management in practice. Special attention is paid to such natural system laws as entropic dynamics and self-organization. The authors put forward methodological principles of shaping the sustainable innovation infrastructure of the Russian economic system and demonstrate the most important targets for phase analysis and optimization of its development. The article identifies specific system characteristics, which should be taken into account to implement strategic plans of sustainable development. The authors highlighted the principle condition for sustainable development of Russia, i. e. social and economic transformation that is mainly stipulated by progress in ethics and alteration in public morals trend.

The article studies the process of replenishing stocks of mono-product by the trade organization. It is assumed that it is a perishable product and it is withdrawn from circulation when its service life expires (it is utilized without extra costs, utilized with extra costs, sold with discount). A problem arises about economically reasonable volume and time of stock replenishing. The factor of the model uncertainty is demand, which can be described by a casual value with certain distribution. Distribution of demand casual value can be static or possess dynamic dependence on time. The criterion of economic efficiency of product new delivery was introduced, which could maximize mathematic expectation of profit flow density based on a new lot sale. An imitation model was built that gives an opportunity to carry out optimization on this criterion by variables ‘volume of delivery’ and ‘date of delivery’. On the basis of program realization of the proposed optimization model the article provides examples of calculations.

The article provides analysis of artificial intellect (AI) system development at the current stage of socio-economic relation progress. Processes of technological, finance and social system transformation are connected with application of AI technologies and systems. As processes of digitalization advance deep changes in socio-economic and social relations take place, style and nature of production forces keep altering and new forms of organizations and links turn up. The authors provide examples of AI technologies that are used in different fields of human life. Special attention is paid at using AI technologies in power-intensive spheres, such as agro-industrial complex and industrial-technological one, as they build the economic basis for sustainable development. In order to promote further development of AI systems at enterprises it is necessary to carry out a vast volume of job on digitalization of all business-processes (data-fixation and soft-verification). The article demonstrates future trends of digital transformation in production and technological systems and identifies barriers hindering the development of data technologies in the Russian Federation. Finally, conclusions were drawn about trends of AI system development.

The article analyzes work of enterprises dealing with digital technology introduction and use of such technologies in production and managerial processes, at the same time it studies reasons for this technology rejection. Topicality of the research is envisaged by high interest of Russian companies in using digital technologies in management and production processes. The rising popularity of digital technologies, in particular AI is based on searching for alternative methods of business-process optimization, raising efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises. It should be pointed out that in creation and introduction of digital technologies enterprises face various difficulties, including fragmentation and non-coordination of ideas about the essence of these technologies, opportunities of their application and control. The authors provide recommendations for enterprises on overcoming barriers in introduction of digital technologies, available at the time of the research, based on comprehensive analysis of strategies of their use with regard to concrete needs and characteristics of the organization. Theoretical and methodological foundation of the research was formed by achievements of the managerial approach to innovation introduction. Methods of expert and comparative analysis were used in the research. The information base of the project was built by works dealing with current trends and practices of management in view of digital transformation. As a result a systematized picture of enterprise functioning was developed in the context of overcoming barriers in introducing digital technologies and identification of situational and contextual variables influencing the effect of their introduction. These results can be used for further investigation of different aspects of enterprises’ work and management in conditions of digital economy.

Real sector being the foundation of Russian economy is characterized by positive dynamics, in spite of illegal western sanctions, foreign-policy and economic restrictions. Historically production potential as a basis of real sector develops in the majority of Russian Federation entities. Social and economic potential of the country, its natural resources ensure sustainable functioning of production. In line with it, the article analyzes key indicators of real sector of economy in regions in 2021–2023, i. e. in pre-sanction and sanction periods. Principle macro-economic figures are compared. First of all, the situation in Russian Federation entities holding the leading positions (top-10) was analyzed and estimated. It gave an opportunity not only to identify regions – spots of real sector growth, but to show actual territorial trends. As a final result an integral indicator was calculated. Types of regions in accordance with ranges of the integral indicator were identified. The research showed the predominance of Russian Federation entities that demonstrate the average level of real sector standing. It was pointed out that more than a third of regions reached a high level due to the development of highly-technological manufacturing spheres of economy.

Ranking is an acute method used in comparative estimation of regions in the system of state governance. The goal of ranking is to build typology and to carry out comparative analysis of old-industrial regions in order to assess the potential of their transformation into centers of economic growth in the Russian Federation. The article provides the review of authoritative Russian rankings of such regions that demonstrate topicality of using integral figures in the process of estimation. The author put forward methodology of old-industrial region ranking by dynamics of integral indicator in development and characterized its key stages and their content. The system of indicators was advanced to assess the potential of old-industrial region transformation into centers of national economy growth in Russia. This ranking methodology used regularly in the form of monitoring can give an opportunity to form the database concerning old-industrial regions and in proper time identify challenges and problems acute for a concrete region. On the basis of results of old-industrial region ranking we can draw a conclusion that regions of the first three groups of the ranking can be considered as potential centers of national economy growth as they possess the necessary potential of self-development, possibilities to participate in processes of regional interaction and stable institutions of development.

The article deals with the research analyzing adverse factors influencing the efficiency of preferential treatment functioning in the Far-East Federal Area. To build a complex assessment of factors hindering the development of business and affecting the demand for preferential treatment on the part of investors a survey of effective residents of preferential treatment zones was conducted. The author came to practical conclusions, which can be used for further upgrading of statutory enactments necessary to establish and regulate preferential treatment in the Far-East Federal Area. The research is based on statistic data of the Ministry on Developing the Far East and the Arctic and the limited company ‘The Corporation of Developing the Far East and the Arctic’. The findings of the research can be used by federal authorities of the Russian Federation, bodies of power in entities of the Russian Federation and controlling companies in order to improve investment climate on the territory of the Far-East Federal Area.

Russian insurance market has adapted to macro-economic and geo-political situation and now can be characterized by stable and sustainable development. The article studies today’s development of insurance market, identifies prospects of insurance service digitalization and analyzes digital maturity of insurance companies. The author advanced his own approach to finding ways of transforming insurance business with regard to global goals of insurance market development. A conclusion was drawn that digital technologies in insurance are essential for the efficiency of the finance system, as they foster the development of insurance market and improve quality of insurance services. By analyzing digital insurance the author highlighted the importance of further introduction of digital technologies in insurance industry in order to upgrade quality of insurants’ protection and develop insurance market in conditions of digital economy.

The goal of the article is to substantiate parameters of monetary-credit and budget-taxation policy, which ensure extended reproduction on a scale of national economy. To attain this goal the following steps were taken: analysis of theoretical and applied aspects of mutual impact of monetary-credit and budget-taxation policy on parameters of macro-economic dynamics; investigation of reasons for low efficiency of transmission mechanism of monetarycredit policy; an attempt to explain causes of low efficiency of channels in transmission mechanism in view of present geo-political situation; proposal of the author’s approach to creating preconditions for eliminating antagonism between monetary-credit and budget-taxation policy in view of economic growth provision. The principle conclusion of the author implies the necessity to take into account the market volume formed by efforts of monetary-credit and budget-taxation authorities in coordination of parameters of monetary-credit and budget-taxation policy. 

In the current situation the interest of legislative and executive powers in efficiency of budget funds use becomes more evident. The authors of the article put forward recommendations in such aspects as upgrading organizationmethodological and statutory-legal support, extending informational base and improving accuracy of cash forecast. The most important finding of the research is the author’s model of cash forecast based on real daily data of the Federal Treasury. The experience of developing a specialized information resource for cash forecast gives an opportunity not only to respond quickly to requests of irregular expenses connected with elimination of emergency situation effects, court rulings, etc, but also to accumulate daily information for a number of years, which forms the condition for more accurate forecasts. In the research methods of systemic analysis and forecast were used. To prepare recommendations on raising operative efficiency data on revenues and expenses of budgets in the budget system of Russia in 2020–2024 were used. The principle tools for analyzing data were specialized applications and technical means.

Researching digital assets can help understand and assess their economic characteristics and differences between various types of assets. It is important for investors, regulators and investigators so that they could make grounded decisions and develop effective strategies. The article analyzes different types of digital assets and their classifications, which sometimes look rather conflicting and studies challenges of legislative nature in the field of regulation of different types of digital assets in Russia. Contradictions between enactments and standpoints of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation were identified. A conclusion was drawn that now there is no generally accepted classification of digital assets and it could hinder their development. The author advanced original classifications of digital assets and made an attempt to define them and show their signs. The article also analyzes terms given to some types of digital assets by international finance organizations. Apart from that the author proposed definitions of digital currency, crypto-asset and crypto-currency. Methodological foundation of the article is formed by dialectic method that allowed the author to identify subjects of research in their interaction, unity and development, methods of formal logics, such as analysis, induction and deduction and theoretical methods, such as structuring and systematization.

The article shows the essence of economic security and identifies its key elements, the general classification of threats to economic security is provided. Special attention is paid to information security as a key component of economic security in IT companies. The authors study the notion of digital infrastructure in the company and highlight key threats to information security and ways of its provision. The researchers focus on necessity to use complex and systemic approaches to providing information security. Principle methods of providing information security were analyzed, including legal, technical and organizational. At the same time advanced technologies of information protection were mentioned, such as blockchain, big data, artificial intellect, computer learning, and neuron nets.

The research deals with identification of key trends and models of new practices of the leading Russian universities in the fields of knowledge and technology transfer. Topicality of the research is envisaged by the necessity to adapt the system of higher education in Russia to targets of providing technological sovereignty and leadership, which requires introduction of universities in processes of knowledge and technology transfer, as well as commercialization of innovation. The research used methods of substantial analysis of documents demonstrating the experience of leading Russian universities in the field of knowledge and technology transfer, as well as modeling methods as applied to processes of interaction between universities and industrial partners and assessing university potential in the field of innovation activity. As a result key trends of organizational transformation of universities in the field of knowledge and technology transfer were identified: developing mechanisms of accumulating potential results in intellectual activity; building ecosystem for transfer and commercialization of scientific innovation; extending cooperation with industrial partners in promotion of results of intellectual activity to real sector of economy. Apart from that 4 key models of university and industrial partner interaction were found in the field of knowledge and technology transfer (R&D order, R&D proposals, start-up promotion and joint enterprise setting up); the concept of transfer funnels was presented to describe processes of project selection, researchers and R&D orders; the model of estimating potential of universities in the field of knowledge and technology transfer was worked out, which gives an opportunity to find the current standing of the university and trajectory of development strategy. The article also shows the promising trends in innovation activity of universities with regard to present day’s goals of scientific and technological development of the country.

The article analyzes modeling of investment-construction company work from graph models to digital analogues. Such analysis is necessary in order to build economically grounded twin of the investment-construction company. The need to use advanced digital methods of business-analysis in conditions of real time was substantiated. It was demonstrated that elaboration of digital methods of business-analysis in projects and business-processes in investment-construction work is acute and leans against numerous factors. They are as follows: positive overseas experience in projecting and controlling processes; adjustment of this experience to specific features of project and business-process organization in Russia; use of digital imitation models of investment-construction enterprise in conditions of real time; introduction of digital methods of strategic and operative business-analysis of projects and business-processes into imitation model and digital twins at investment-construction enterprises; use of promising digital technologies in digital methods of business-analysis in projects and business-processes, for instance, analysis of big data, artificial neuron nets, cloud technologies, internet of things, virtual reality, augmented reality, technologies of register distribution, automation and robotics of business-processes, etc. Typical features of digital analysis built in digital twin for effective decision-making in management were identified. The article provided results of modeling visualization and digital analysis of business-processes.

Nowadays when requirements to effectiveness and productivity become more and more tough, analysis of ways and methods of assessing the efficiency of research divisions gains in importance. Quantitative analysis is one of simple and frequently used approaches to estimating efficiency of organization and its divisions work. It is based on calculation of traditional indices and studying their dynamics for a certain period of time. Practice shows that within the frames of quantitative analysis indices of liquidity, finance stability, business activity and profitability are estimated. However, in view of work specificity, goals of analysis and mentality of finance manager the list of indicators shall be prolonged. For complex assessing research organizations quantitative analysis can be supplemented by qualitative one. Only in this case information can show the real situation in the organization and its divisions.

The article describes a new model of organization, i.e. E-model typical of economy of knowledge and its initial stage, digital economy. The author characterized economy of the new type, described in detail transformation in its traditional economic categories, such as labour, property, competition, production, consumption, etc, which in its turn gives birth to changes in the organizational model. The article underlines that business-ecosystems become key forms of new economy, therefore, it becomes very important for organizations to be able either to develop their own ecosystems or to integrate into existing ones. For this end they shall form an eco-systemic or E-model. The author highlighted that hierarchy in this case is not fundamental, as its base is made up by team creation of value for the customer. To build this model the organization shall seriously transform its key characteristics: goals, organizational structure and form, system and technology of management, corporate culture, etc. Apart from that ecosystem organizations shall be characterized by continuous introduction and application of various innovation and have flexible specialization. And finally, the author plots a target function of E-model organization and forecasts possibilities of its further development.

The article analyses conditions and factors, which affect realization of corporate ecologic responsibility at steelmaking enterprises in Russia. Special attention is paid to motivation of companies to keep to responsible work and assess its compliance with set standards. The research covers motivation of steel-making enterprises in respect of practices aimed at improving the ecologic situation, both internal and external factors are studied. The article analyzed current practices of big steel-making companies of Russia. The author investigates a wide range of factors that can influence company decisions in the field of ecologic responsibility. As a result the article provides a complete picture of the current situation and prospects of developing corporate ecologic responsibility at steelmaking enterprises in Russia. 

In public space prospects of development of industries in Russian economy that put out new goods and services are often connected with giving these industries relative codes in the Russian Classifier of Economic Activity Types (RCEAT). The article analyses the case of giving RCEAT code to producers of medication for veterinary use: arguments of industry representatives were studied, open statistic information was summarized and assessed and certain elements of the system of state regulation were discussed that use the classifier of economic activity types. It was shown that availability of RCEAT code does not impact directly on results of industry development, on the contrary industry success can speed up the decision about giving it a special code in order to improve efficiency of state governance. On the basis of research conclusions proposals aimed at specification of methodology for collecting industry statistic information were put forward. At the same time representatives of other industries were recommended to supplement arguments for giving new RCEAT codes with estimation of economic effects and detailed description of concrete procedures of state governance, within the frames of which classifier upgrading can foster the development of a certain industry. 

The goal of the research is to investigate key trends in green cooperation and the principle objective is to prove economic motivation of entrepreneurs towards green cooperation. In the research the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis and mathematic methods in economics. In order to substantiate economic motivation of ESGstandards introduction in agricultural industry economic and technological analysis was carried out and correlation between enterprise profitability, its financial indicators and ESG-rating was studied. The absence of rationalistic development potential at the state-owned corporation Rusagro was demonstrated. Therefore, the authors proposed to pass to heuristic development and innovation technologies. Investment in the development of innovation technologies can provide higher labour productivity and at the same time retain current values of technological equipment. These measures can affect GDP of Russia as a whole, as development and introduction of new technologies and passing over to heuristic development of the organization can raise quality of economic systems, which will provide the growth in entrepreneurs’ profit and gross product of the region and the country.

The goal of the present article is to identify macro-economic factors affecting customer demand for books by using tools of correlation analysis. The authors formulated a number of hypotheses and made an attempt to check their rightfulness by tools. As empiric data the authors used information of the Federal Service of State Statistics, annual reports of the Ministry of Digital Development and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation ‘Book Market in Russia. Situation, Trends and Prospects’, as well as of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation in 2017– 2023. As research methods to check the mentioned-above hypotheses statistic indices of correlation were used. As a result the authors’ assumptions were proved that people incomes are a serious factor influencing the amount of book purchases. At the same time it was pointed out that between the amount of book purchases and the cover of the population by library services a certain feed-back can be observed. The authors’ ideas about the impact on the amount of book purchase on the part of people access to the Internet and their skills in information and communication technologies have not been proven. 

The article deals with an acute topic of using ESG-standards in business, and namely in designing marketing policy. The Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance (ESG) concept was studied and its parameters were identified. Specific business goals, which can be attained by using ESG were shown: to develop sustainable businessmodels, strengthen reputation, manage global challenges and create long-term values for society. The authors put forward principles of responsible consumption and carried out comparative analysis of conceptions of ESG and ESG in marketing. ESG-marketing implies a specific way of informing customers about important values of the company and its contribution to sustainable development by shaping valuable offer and spreading ESG-principles among customers. Certain groups of companies using ESG-marketing were demonstrated: ecological and social companies connected with healthy life style and industrial companies: all mining companies, automobile and aircraft industries. Benefits of using ESG strategies in marketing were enumerated.

The article analyses specific features of legal relations between sellers and representatives of big Russian marketplaces. Special attention is paid to the new bill N 568223-8, which includes provisions on legal regulation of marketplace work. Opinions of sellers, marketplace representatives and lawyers concerning proposals of this bill were studied. As a result the research came to the conclusion that there is a serious misbalance in relations between sellers and online-platforms. Sellers often face infringements of their rights and restrictions on the part of marketplaces, imposing of ungrounded fines and penalties, violations of offer contracts. This fact is confirmed by the growing number of suits on the part of sellers and owners of delivery points against sellers. Unfortunately, enterprises of small and medium business that use marketplaces to sell their goods are deprived of adequate legal protection. Therefore, it is necessary to elaborate and realize a uniform law, which could regulate rights and obligations of all entities of online-trade and build a system of their relations. The research used methods of analysis (logical, strategic, etc.) and synthesis, induction and deduction, statistics and legal forecasting. The obtained conclusions can be used for legislative bodies of power in developing and realizing laws, as well as for representatives of business in selling goods on marketplaces and protection of their rights and interests.