The article tries to restore interest in the concept of economy morphology in academic community that was put forward at the Faculty of Economics in the Moscow University in 2004. It was a scientific hypothesis explaining evolutional features of transformations by analyzing internal structural changes. The authors use the term ‘economy morphology’ that gives an opportunity to specify the development of Russian economy both within the period being investigated and the current one. Comparative analysis of economic evolution styles in Europe-Asia economy systems from ancient times to the early 20th century allows us to advance an assumption about multi-variability of development demonstrated and proved in economic morphemes. Conceptual description of economic forms present in Russia was provided by examples given in the Domostroy and in works by I.V. Pososhkov and V.N. Tatischev, the founders of the Russian school of economics. The authors pay special attention to dubious foundation forming Russian economy morphology and affecting all stages of modernization processes in Russia. The importance of spirituality is highlighted that provides internal stability to any economic modification. It was underlined that this approach gives a chance to substantiate historic peculiarity of the Russian economic system that became evident in the process of modernization restructuring in the 19th – early 20th century. The authors came to the conclusion that morpheme approach is necessary to understand both the previous way of development and the current standing of Russian economy, prospects of its progress in conditions of global transformation of economic relations.

Dependence of the economic system efficiency on the quality of managerial (political) decision-making, institutional environment of national economy developed on their basis, the level of economic plan implementation and the degree of economic system readiness to function in conditions of external challenges was demonstrated by interdisciplinary analysis. The period from 2018 to 2024 was analyzed, which is explained by the political process being realized in Russia, the fixed six-year cycle of strategic planning and exogenous factors arose within this period of time that influenced seriously the efficiency of national economy. The article carried out retrospective analysis of the most important factors of Russian political system transformation, which affected the content of institutional environment of national economy and hence, the trend and intensity of economic development, which, according to the author, could help find mutual dependence of economic development and political transformation in society, rise trustworthiness of institutional analysis of Russian society and economic policy elaborated on its foundation. The author analyzed the impact on the national economy dynamics on the part of the essential (program) documents identifying trends, goals and objectives of the social and economic development of Russian society introduced into the structure of national economy institutional environment within the period being studied and found the reasons for their inadequate implementation. The article investigates the standing of national economy stipulated by technological dependence of the industrial sector on economy of unfriendly states, which deteriorated after 2022. It was shown that political decisions aimed at overcoming technological dependence and providing technological sovereignty of Russia could not reach the desired result. Some reasons for their improper execution have been identified. A conclusion was drawn about necessary modernization of national economy institutional environment in the direction of cutting departmental and municipal rule-making in the field of economic development and elaboration on the basis of inter-disciplinary institutional analysis of the Strategy of Social and Economic Development of the Russian Federation for the long-term perspective as a unique economic plan.

Ecological, social and corporate governance (ESG) becomes an important element in strategy of companies aiming at sustainable development. However, the process of ESG initiatives face serious challenges, including the absence of uniform accounting standards, expensive ESG strategy realization and shortage of reliable information. The goal of the present article is to study these problems and their impact on corporate governance. Using data of international consulting companies, such as McKinsey, MSCI, Sustainalytics, Bloomberg the authors analyzed problems dealing with ESG strategy realization and arising risks. The key component of the research is a mathematic model of multiple linear regression, which evaluates the quantitative impact of ESG factors on market company capitalization. The results of the analysis are demonstrated, they show the impact of ESG factors on company capitalization and it can explain the vector of their advance into corporate strategies. Provided conclusions have practical importance for business, researchers and regulating bodies wishing to improve integration of ESG practices in conditions of global economic turbulence. The novelty of the research includes the use of regression coefficient to evaluate ESG factors of market capitalization. These findings underline the necessity of well-balanced investment, data transparency and standard unification for successful ESG integration into corporate governance.

The goal of the present research is to study the problem of transforming conceptual foundations of the system providing economic security. Its acute nature is stipulated by high dynamics of social and economic relation development taking place under the impact of digitalization and arising of their new forms. Findings of the research include identification by analytical way of features of platform economy, elaboration of the author’s approach to distinguishing such notions as ‘economy of platforms’ and ‘platform economy’ and corroboration of the hypothesis about the link between the degree of platform economy development and the level of economic security of state, business entity and personality, which testifies to the complex impact of transformation processes taking place in economy. The basic principle worked-out in elaboration of the new approach to distinguishing the broad and narrow interpretation of the notion ‘platform economy’ was the use of the feature of staging of platformization processes and the assumption about the necessity to split practical and theoretical spheres in using the conceptual framework. Apart from that, during the research the list of goals dealing with state policy in the field of providing economic security adjusted to conditions of platformization was supplemented. The authors have introduced two more goals, i. e. to improve favorable competitive climate on home markets and to raise the level of regulation responsiveness.

To make well-grounded decisions and reach finance goals investors need to understand investment market. The research is really topical, as investment market offers a wide range of opportunities taking into account different disposition towards risk, goals, tools and time horizons. The authors paid attention to various investment objects and investment policy of state. The authors’ interpretation of the term ‘investment’ was provided. Today state investment is drastically necessary in such sectors, which are critically important for economy support in the current geo-political situation, i.e. for import-substitution and technological sovereignty of our country. The authors focus on promising sectors of economy and highlight opportunities for profitable placement of capital. The present analysis allowed authors to identify current market trends and popular trends of investment market that demonstrate considerable potential of growth.

The article studied the approach to elaboration of development strategy of organization, as well as functional strategy being an integrative part of the principle strategy of the company. First of all, the mission and vision of the company are defined and strategic analysis of the organization aimed at shaping strategic initiatives is carried out. To start with, external factors are estimated by STEEPLE and then EFAS-resume is formed. Later information from EFAS-resume gets to SWOT-analysis and internal strong and weak sides of the company are identified. Then the correlation matrix is plotted, which provides max values and the compensation matrix is formed to describe strategic initiatives necessary for elaboration of development strategy of the company. Elaboration of company strategy is accomplished with the help of well-balanced system of indicators, which consists of the strategic map and the table of goals, indicators and corresponding events. The author provided the process of elaborating development strategy of the company and finance strategy being an integral part (functional strategy) of the principle strategy of the organization.

The goal of the research is to classify sources of hazard and threats for banking, to identify key functional targets, whose attainment could provide security of banking in fast changing environment. In the research the authors used methods of comparative analysis, formal-logical, inductive ones, as well as mathematic methods – matrix, graphic and fuzzy modeling. As a result goals were defined and steps proposed that could foster shaping of complex security of banking. However, the mentioned goals cannot be reached at once and finally, thus provision of security is a continuous succession of steps of cyclic nature. Dynamically changing conditions of the external environment of the bank raises the importance of estimating external threats by the top management, including foreign-policy and even global ones. To prevent those threats activities of a single bank will not be enough, however, top management of the organization is responsible for finding the level of their hazard and working-out steps of response, which gives rise to the necessity to change the structure of managerial bodies, the scheme of subordination and responsibility of bank divisions in order to raise involvement of management in operation of security bodies. Practical classification of sources of hazard and threats for banking is conducted by matrix of threats, whose elaboration could help characterize key sources of threats and objects of infringement. An example of such a matrix was given and on its basis a mathematic model was put forward, which combines fuzzy estimations and accurate values that provide coordinated decisions. The result of modeling shows which steps aimed at providing banking security are now the most important and in what order they shall be taken.

Developing the triad of finance indicators to reveal in proper time and minimize risks dealing with asset functioning in organizations of different business scale can have a positive impact on the quality of assets and sustainability of company work at present and in the future. During the research works by Russian and overseas authors were studied, it showed that they used different indicators to estimate the finance standing in the system of corporate finance management. The triad of finance indicators includes finance autonomy, tension, multiplier of own sources, criterial values of which shall comply with the golden rule of finance management. The goal of the research is to introduce and substantiate the triad of finance indicators used for timely identification and minimization of risks connected with asset functioning in corporations. As a result in theoretical line of the research the triad of logically interconnected finance indicators was advanced and the criterial level of their estimation was put forward. As for the practical line of the research, violation of the golden rule of finance management was revealed in big, medium and small corporations.

The article deals with issues of inter-budget and inter-departmental coordination to finance project activities connected with capital investment. Special attention was paid to evaluation of factors influencing budget expenses of all levels and non-budget sources, observation of dates of reaching control points and results of project events in conducting capital investment. The goal of the present research is to identify problems in mechanism of capital investment financing within the frames of federal and regional projects at different levels of management and work out recommendations aimed at their overcoming. The authors revealed and systematized key problems in implementation of federal and regional projects in case of capital investment financing, analyzed their reasons and after-effects illustrated by different projects, including incompleteness of regulating enactments in the field of project financing of budget expenses; low quality of project-estimate documents; improper procedures of finding the supplier (contractor, executor) and careless observation of their obligations under the contract. Special attention was paid to issues of insufficient finance support of capital investment, inaccurate estimation of finance volumes and coordination of dates of reaching control points in project events. As a result the authors formulated and substantiated practical recommendations aimed at raising the role and wider authorities of municipal bodies as participants of project activities, upgrading procedures of project documents preparation, modernization and developing new information systems in the field of project activities of power bodies, elaborating typical provisions for cooperation of authorized bodies and other participants of purchase, managing risks of circumstances not under control of contract client and executors. These recommendations could provide more efficient planning of budget allocations in developing federal and regional projects, cutting terms of step implementation for building projects of capital construction, tracing the process of capital investment, minimizing risks of unpredictable costs of consolidated budgets of entities of the Russian Federation.

The article studies specific features of internal control in chain organizations and demonstrates topicality of the subject in business, including tourism sphere. The author analyses Russian and overseas experience of internal control used in key fields of today’s economic system, in particular, in finance and accounting. Different concepts of internal control are investigated, a great number of theoretical and methodological methods of internal control are provided and various systems, forms and types of internal control are studied. In order to extend the current ideas of internal control the article advanced the concept based on the notion saying that within the frames of one business sometimes it is necessary to discuss not a single system of internal control, but a complex package of such systems. The author came to the conclusion that such types of control components analyzed in the research as planning, cyber control, rewards and compensations, administrative and cultural control, in case systematic and process approaches are used in organization of the system of internal control could help attain the set goals and provide reliability of business, including tourism sector, and its efficiency.

The article provides definitions of digital financial assets (DFA), provides examples of classifications of digital assets proposed in various sources. The expediency of studying the DFA information system and its structure, formed in the context of current Russian legislation and financial market practice, is indicated. The principles of building the DFA information system, the main participants of the system and their functions are considered. It is concluded that it is necessary to take into account the structure and functions of the information system when developing recommendations for improving the use of DFA in the Russian financial market.

Today scales, structure and forms of population employment are changing, models of labour activities are modifying. Human resources imply carriers of physical, intellectual, creative, psychological potential, competences, experience, skills, motives and goals. The notion of ‘resources’ as applied to this social and economic category means opportunities, which are available at present and may be accessible in the future for state and regions to supply economy with workers having necessary professional and personal qualities. The goal of the article is to identify reserves of human resources for Russian labour market on the basis of analysis of the current situation on labour market, impact of digital technologies on population employment, requirements of business to workers’ competences and changes in labour regulation. Methodological base of the research was formed by a compound approach rests on collection and analysis of various information about the current situation of labour market. Informational base of the research consists of official data of state power of Russia, academic works by Russian and overseas authors, surveys of consulting companies, etc. The subject field of labour market is enriched by new investigations, which causes the growth in academic publications. Analysis of quantitative reserves of human resources shows retention of a rather unfavorable situation on labour market. The authors propose to develop professional, social, personality and psychological features of young people, pensioners and people approaching the pension age as a potential reserve of human resources. By using the sum total of human resource reserves providing their qualitative characteristics and pro-active state policy in the field of employment could help overcome negative deformation of Russian labour market.

The article reveals the notion of innovation work in view of economy methodology and shows its importance for the development of the field of physical training and sports. Key categories of workers were identified, whose interaction could foster the development and introduction of innovation in the given field. The article shows motivators of innovation work and highlights legal base and stimulating factors of innovation work in organizations of physical training and sports in the Republic of Belorussia. The author grouped certain categories of workers in organizations of physical training and sports by job descriptions and tariff grades with regard to key factors characterizing innovation work and demonstrates categories of workers in organization of physical training and sports, whose job descriptions do not include the need to introduce innovation in accordance with their classification. Serious contradictions were revealed between workers’ job descriptions and availability (absence) in them obligations to introduce innovation in organizations of physical training and sports in the Republic of Belorussia. The author put forward key trends aimed at resolving the problem of stimulating workers in organizations of physical training and sports to introduce innovation, which can be settled in legislative area and by specifying contacts between employer and worker.

The article shows changes that affected cargo operations due to current transformation of the global situation, anti-Russia sanctions and replacement of key economic partners of Russia. The author analyzes accessible data of cargo traffic in home and international lines and explains possible underestimation of certain figures. Restrictions were investigated that hinder the development of some types of traffic, cause losses in cargo operations and shortage of resource capacity, in particular in moving-in and -out. The article shows reasons for impeding further intensive increase in cargo operations. The author studies such restrictions as distance of the route, fuel cost, nature and climatic conditions, the level of road network development, necessity to use transit communication in certain Russian regions, rising rates of utilization duties, high interest rate, risk of trucking companies’ leaving for the green zone, poor experience in using and maintaining Chinese cargo equipment that changed European trucks. The article assessed the dynamics of traffic and prospects of international transit in conditions of further scenario volatility, on the one hand and high adaptive capacity of national economic system to changing conditions and crises, on the other.

The article studies methodological approaches to management of the long-term development of organization proposed by the author. They are based on results of earlier investigation of regularities in changing production structure of overseas and Russian organizations of different economy sectors and the model of production structure development elaborated on their basis. A key distinguishing feature of these methodological approaches to management of the long-term development of organizations is choosing two principle types of organization production structures and the use of statistical models to identify moments of organizational transformation, i. e. altering the type of production structure as the organization grows and develops. The author puts forward a new set of tools to manage long-term development of organizations, including a model of developing production structure for organizations of respective industry, a statistical model of organization efficiency growth in the process of development and methodology of statistical forecast for the limit of organization attainable growth. The use of these tools could provide an opportunity for company top-management to conduct efficient management of organization in the log-term period due to finding regularities in organizational transformation and statistical forecasting moments of their arising.

Production waste in forest-industry complex of economy is an important ecologic problem, which could be resolved by business entities changing-over to circular economy. Statistics on the amount of wood waste is essential for realizing the concept of closed-cycle economy in forest-industry complex. The article provides information about volumes of wood waste in the Russian Federation. The authors studied nature of wood waste and its classification, analyzed theoretical experience in estimating the amount of wood waste, provided calculations of wood waste being formed in home forest-industry complex. Priority trends in the field of wood waste recycling are demonstrated. The article can be interesting both for scientists and practical experts studying problems of forest-industry complex changing-over to the closed-cycle economy.

Topicality of the research is stipulated by the necessity to elaborate and realize social and economic policy in the region. The principle mechanism of realizing strategy of social and economic development is state programs. The goal of the article is to advance an alternative approach to planning values of state program figures for the coming periods with due regard to factual results of the previous ones. On the basis of consolidated annual reports on state program implementation in St. Petersburg the level of target figures for 2023 was re-calculated. Results of the analysis showed that in calculating the level of attainment leaning on results of 2022 the value of more than 110% was obtained on 5 indicators from 54 in comparison with 17 indicators in calculation based on the fixed plan value. These findings can be used for further investigations, assessment of efficiency of state program implementation, effectiveness of top-officials’ activities and results of executive bodies’ work in entities of the Russian Federation.

The article analyzes the use of AI technologies in different spheres of human activities with special focus on their use in the field of corporate management. Consequent analysis of literature sources and content-analysis allowed the authors to draw a conclusion about the growing interest in using such technologies, at the same time fears and risks dealing with this innovation arise. The authors give examples of assessing efficiency and expediency of AI using both by representatives of business-communities, state structures and by academic quarters. The research brings us to the conclusion that for successful completion of various tasks with the use of AI technologies it is necessary to take into account possible risks and restrictions that can be leveled or smoothed by precise regulation of processes of their introduction and application.

The article analyzes the process of building metallurgical industry in Russia, key landmarks of its formation, which led to its current standing as vertically integrated companies. Key trends of integration were studied – forward and backward, it was explained in what periods of development these vectors were chosen and why. The author gave examples of both positive and negative experience of vertical integration illustrating it by leading Russian metallurgical companies. Apart from that, risks were shown which faced top-management of companies that made a decision about vertical integration. The author described changes that took place on Russian metallurgical market in the time of global economy turbulence in 2020–2023 and gave practical recommendations aimed at overcoming difficulties. The hypothesis was corroborated that structure of Russian metallurgical market as vertically integrated companies proved its stability and adaptive capacity in conditions of fast changing market situation.

The research has enriched theoretical base of developing enterprises of transport machine-building, which includes systematization of principle stages of industry development, identification of key events and their after-effects and it can demonstrate higher rates and frequency of new technology arising that transforms approaches and strategies of transport engineering progressing. The article studies classifications of today’s concepts and approaches to the development of transport machine-building by groups that differ from each other in priority trends of managing enterprises of this industry and other industries of economy. The research shows that it is possible to find differences in approaches to management of transport engineering between Russian scientists and experts and their foreign colleagues, which can be connected with cultural and political characteristics of the present development of countries, however, the global trend on wider use of innovation technologies, such as business digitalization, automation of processes, new materials, approaches to organizational structure, etc. is still retained. Leading companies and research institutes keep working at introduction of AI, the Internet of things and blockchain technologies to optimize logistic chains and management of transportation stock.

The article deals with the development of drone aircraft industry, which is based on a number of fundamental economic and legal theories. Economic theories substantiate the necessity of state support stimulating innovation and protection of national markets, while theories of state and law provide legal base for safe and legal use of drone aircrafts. All together these theoretical approaches form the integral basis for efficient regulation and sustainable development of industry. In Russia the drone aircraft sphere is developing with considerable state support. In response to growing demand for drones in different sectors, such as transport, logistics, agriculture and defense the government take steps aimed at stimulation of production and introduction of drone technologies. Economic theories provide ideas how state and private sector could develop drone aircraft efficiently. They include concepts of state interference, competitive advantage, innovation and economy on scale. Clear understanding of economic aspects of investing in drone aircraft, the role of state grants and other types of support is important for estimating the potential of this industry and its economic impact. The development of drone aircraft systems can both strengthen defense possibilities and stimulate economic growth by creating new jobs and professional trends. 

Topicality of problems of strategic HR management in complicated and uncertain current conditions is proved by importance of personnel in the field of tourism and hospitality and affected by professional qualities of employees, which stipulates the level of tourist satisfaction, efficiency and competitiveness of organization as a whole. The goal of the research is to identify priorities among alternative opportunities in strategic HR management in enterprises of tourist and hospitality industry. Methodology of the research is based on integration of systemic and strategic management. The model of strategic HR management and empiric data at enterprises of the hotel type show high personnel turnover, uneven employment, absence of social ways of stimulation, importance of economic ways of motivation usually available in large hotels. Therefore, each enterprise elaborates its own system of employee retaining on the basis of balancing material and non-material incentives and forms a complex approach to methods of HR management. Working-out of priorities in strategic HR management rests on provisions of strategy of organization development and its key components. As alternative opportunities the following trends were proposed: innovation HR management with IKT elements, research and analytical approach, Well-being concept.