In article on the basis of the new concept of design and functioning of social and economic mechanisms developed by authors the system relationships of cause and effect causing variety of forms of life of a global system contradiction ′creditors reveal there are debtors′. The mechanism providing expansion of a system contradiction as authors of the concept believe consists of three mutually caused components: institutional, tool and procedural. This triple system unity, making a necessary and sufficient basis of functioning of social and economic mechanisms, generates the corresponding diverse historical forms of social, economic and political life of a system contradiction ′creditors there are debtors′. The methodological basis of the analysis (variety of forms of life of a system contradiction), despite the seeming independence of each separate phenomenon mentioned by us in article, allows to reveal deep bases of their interrelation and interdependence, to understand the uniform nature of these phenomena and to slightly open thereby the mysteries of ′metaphysics of the power′. From variety of the significant phenomena (we mention some of them in article) only two, already belonging stories of the 21st century are noted: accident (on September 11, 2001) and celebration (on October 9, 2009). What can unite two so diverse in a form and contents, the sphere of life of the phenomenon? Money, very big money. Money as an effective financial instrument of the political, economic power, social influence and violation of moral laws, money as the universal requirement of a part of public wealth predetermine models and mechanisms of behavior of the world managing director of elite, first of all by means of institutes of the world ′financial government′ today. A time of representatives of this elite, after Paul Krugman - professor of the Princeton university (USA), the Nobel Prize laureate of economy, call ′very big people′. Perhaps, it and traditional participants of Bilderbergsky club, first of all members of his Advisory committee (Advisory Committee) consisting approximately of ten people. As the encyclopedia Britannica reports, it ′those who exert impact on national policy and the international affairs′. This elite has appropriated the boundless right to decide destinies of the world. The 21st century young still already abounds with diverse phenomena - forms of manifestation of a global system contradiction ′creditors - debtors′. Sometimes, unfortunately, it is tragic, an infinite number of times tragic events. To judgment of system interrelation of key phenomena - phenomenology of the power and that the same, ′creditors - debtors′ - this article is also devoted to phenomenology of a global system contradiction.

The article deals with current trends in economy development, conditions of shaping growth points connected with digital goods and services. Emergence of new corporate strategies influences the global education environment. The authors show that in line with today’s changes in economy and society objectives quality criteria of education and professional training are altering drastically, which is connected with the development of people’s creative abilities and finding new ideas in different spheres of activity such as business, social sector, art, science, etc. A potential field of these ideas realization is the use of digital economy.

The article discusses issues connected with transforming of higher professional education into the network form in conditions of world economy globalization and presents various models of network form of education based on the experience of the education organization of network programs. Specific features of network structures include replacing multilayer hierarchical systems by cluster associations of organizations which can eliminate barriers for innovation and support concentration of related production units and enterprises of service sector. The author puts forward principles of setting-up innovative education clusters which can ensure training of highly-qualified staff for innovation activity in conditions of growing competition on educational services market.

In this study, using data drawn from RLMS (1994-2014) we present generalized analysis of structural dynamics of income and expenditure parts of urban and rural household budgets in Russia in the context of consumption smoothing theory. Employing index of structural dynamics known as Ryabtsev index we defined periods of the most significant structural changes in income and expenditures of Russian population. Our calculations show that the most of changes in income and expenditures took place during the crisis of 1998 and the boost of 2006. Analysis of changes suggests that consumption preferences of Russian people lie in the framework of consumption smoothing theory.

In spite of gradual saturation of customer credit market in Russia now we can observe a high demand for credits among those categories of customers that are not well-known for banks. The development of credit service market shows lately a principle shift of Russian credit organizations from product model of business to client-oriented one. That is why optimization of credit products in the field of customer crediting is carried out by commercial banks through broad marketing research. The author puts forward credit classification by borrower type, periods and methods of repaying, types of security, interest payment, direction of cash using, objects of crediting and volume.

By the end of 2014 economy of the Russian Federation had seriously changed. On the background of economic slump, which started in 2012 and was provoked mainly by structural factors growing geo-political risks and economic sanctions caused restricted access of Russian banks and enterprises to external financing, massed outflow of capital from home economy, changes in situation on home foreign currency market and ruble devaluation. These changes affected negatively the dynamics of Russian share market due to deterioration of securities issuers’ standing and general economic situation that influences investors’ behavior. Comparative analysis of the efficiency of Russian share market development during the last 5 years is an important issue. In this connection the author thinks that researching the share market functioning in Russian economy and directions of its development in complicated current conditions are quite acute. This predetermined the choice of the article topic.

The results of the analysis of taxation operations in the Russian gold market have been presented. Detailed specifications on the types of transactions, taxes and duties on the precious metals market have been enumerated. Economic report analysis of one of the leading gold mining companies of Russia have been conducted, the issues of taxation have been determined and the ways of resolving them have been proposed. The influence of the tax burden on the investment attractiveness of the Russian gold market has been shown. The issues of the gold mining industry and the banking sector are considered. The main tasks of improving the system of subsoil user payments to ensure an equitable distribution between the state and subsoil users of revenues from the use of mineral resources are noted.

The article deals with the conceptual approaches to the High Frequency Trading identification in order to allocate set of features that enable to separate High Frequency Trading from other forms of exchange activities. At today's exchange trading HFT has a special role, however, it has not yet developed a unified approach to its identification. This is due not only to the complexity of the analysis of big data, but also with a variety of conditions in which operate HFT-robots. Developed a classification features for the purpose of a full characteristics High Frequency Trading from different sides.

The article deals with current issues of increasing the efficiency of management of the Fund of National Welfare investments in the implementation of major infrastructure projects of national importance. Relying on the analysis of domestic and international practice author substantiates the advisability of reforming the current system of the Fund management through the introduction of elements and principles of project management. As the target model is proposed the division of strategic and operational management of the Fund, providing for the creation of a structurally separate from government project office performing functions for the selection and monitoring self-supporting infrastructure projects, financed by the Fund.

The main target of business proprietor is to raise the company value in the long-term prospect, which depends on asset value and cash flows. Raising value is not always possible due to different risks connected with realization of the value creating chain, finance cycles, managerial decisions, etc. The article provides procedures to work-out events aimed at risk minimization, in particular the event plan for risk minimization, factor monitoring determining key company risks, keeping the register of risks on the basis of applying methods of risk identification, qualitative and quantitative estimation of risks.

The article discusses the current programs of improving functioning and safety of electro-power engineering in Russia. The authors come to the conclusion about the necessity to design programs of sustainable development by generating companies themselves. They identify targets of realizing steps of state regulation and forming mechanisms of state support to the power complex, fundamental principles of designing programs of sustainable development, including innovation and scientific and technological policy, which implies the creation of sustainable national innovation system and provision of industrial complex of electric-power engineering with effective technologies. The authors put forward the main stages of designing programs of sustainable development of generating companies, whose advantage is attraction of wide range of people interested in its realization.

The article deals with issues of forming an efficient team, which is an important element of company success. Now it is a group or a united team that becomes a serious factor, when passing over from hierarchy to functional processes management is over. Functional divisions are replaced by teams. During the research the author mentions that forming a team and a group is envisaged by the fact that results of work exceed the sum of results of separate workers. He shows that forming effective teams is a very valuable skill.

The article discloses numerous forms of interaction and communication accomplishing through types of their activity, i.e. governing impact and feedback. The author widens the implication of the notion ‘Feedback’ by attracting institutions of civil society and business community for participation in shaping state decisions (governing impact) and control of their realization. It is the most important direction of work effectiveness of state power bodies. The types of governing impact of the entity on the object being governed were researched. The author subdivided them into normative-legal interference and normative-legal regulation. It was shown that without enhancing forms and methods of state regulation and interference with wide application of feedback it is impossible to shape effective state decisions necessary for progressive social and economic development of the country.

The current social and economic situation in this country and in the world is characterized by instability and numerous challenges that advance higher and higher requirements to personal and professional qualities of specialists. The article analyzes correlation between motives of work and elements of social and psychological competence of personality as a basis for designing effective individual motivation systems in the organization. The author discusses possibilities to use individual motivation profile of the employee and the level of cognitive, value and behavioral elements of the structure of social and psychological competence in order to stimulate employee’s labour behavior desirable for the organization.

In strategic management such well-known models as Porter five powers, Porter competitive strategies, Ansoff matrix have been used for decades. This article adapts models of strategic management to retail. After the example of international retailers the author shows which strategies are used to attain global success. The impact of Porter five powers on industry was assessed. Store formats were provided and the author identified which strategies they correspond to: differentiation, focusing and cost leadership. Examples of strategies on Ansoff matrix that are used by retailers were shown. Two types of pricing strategies, i. e. EDLP and high-low were analyzed.

In this article authors develop a system dynamics model in which a real process of hierarchical interaction between managing and managed subjects of socio-economic relationship is shown with the example of manager and employee. Authors focus on employee motivation and discuss mainstream motivation theories. Additionally authors use the model to provide an analysis of how different factors affect efficiency, employee salary and the relationship between manager and employer. Authors examine the effects different sets of factors have on employee-manager dynamic in time.

The article is devoted to taking into account the behavior of the duration indicator between coupon payments in dependence of this indicator from term to maturity. It was found that during the coupon period Macaulay duration varies linearly and at the end of the period duration has a jump, the value of which increases with the term to maturity for bonds sold with a premium and at par. For bonds that are sold at a discount, the value of the jump has a maximum in the region of large maturities. The mathematical proof of the behavior of the jump obtained. The calculations confirm the assertion proven. The results allow to clarify the dependence of Macaulay duration of the period to maturity and complement the theory of financial investments in fixed income.

The article considers different risks of mortgage lending. It describes the basic causes of risks, methods for their identification and evaluation; as well the article lists and analyzes the main methods of reducing the potential damage. All described methods and models are systematized and presented in tabular form. The article evaluates the impact of risk on the interest income of the bank and proves the need of effective credit policies. It is also shown how the effective risk management can reduce the cost of credit as for the lender so to the borrower. The work offers some new advanced approaches for risk management of mortgage lending in the Russian banking sector and describes the ways how mortgage products can be improved.

In modern economic conditions there was a problem of limitation of resources at all levels of development of economy. Formation of post-industrial way of the Russian economy and gradual transition to information way considerably raise a role of a resource complex of all macroeconomic system. In article author's definition of the region as sotsio-ekologo-economic system is given. Two main classes of stability of regional systems are allocated: static and dynamic. All types of the resources necessary for ensuring sustainable development are considered. The particular emphasis is placed on non-material resources - intellectual, temporary, mental, reputation, information, spatial which at the different levels of development of national economy have the specific forms.

Monetary regulation can be successful only if state has a possibility to influence scale and nature of commercial banks’ transactions. The article by identifying specific features of Pridnestrovskiy Moldavian Republic economy and factors of its development finds out peculiarities of regulating credit organizations in the Republic and discloses the process of designing tools of monetary regulation and grounds the necessity of its further enhancement for economic growth stimulation. The author analyzes the process of developing operations for re-financing, obligatory reservation, transactions on open market with state securities and deposit operations of the central bank of the Republic aimed at securing sustainability and stability of the monetary system.

The article defines the opportunities and directions for the development of regional energy integration of the Post-Soviet countries. It highlights the features and prospects for the oil and gas industry development both of net exporters and net importers of energy resources. Considers joint investment projects in the energy sector within the CIS, as well as with China, Iran and other states. Notes the main risks for Russia's positions in connection with the development of oil and gas fields of the Caspian Sea. The author defines ways of increasing the level of cooperation and integration of the countries of the Post-Soviet space in the oil and gas sectors, electric power industry and renewable energy.

On the basis of statistic analysis and comparative characteristic the article describes negative risks and consequences of acute geo-finance policy of the Republic of Bulgaria in 2016. International finance and economic policy and Euro-integration of Bulgaria in conditions of the Currency Board, growing indebtedness with effective membership of the country in the EU and continuous finance dependence on the World Bank, WMF and ECB provide an opportunity to trace the development of the country. According to the authors the Republic future is closely connected with possibility of Bulgarian society economic growth, which ought to be fast, otherwise ‘the country of roses’ will become the 1-st country in the world that will be destroyed completely and wiped off the face of the earth without any war conflict but with the help of economic restrictions and certain mechanisms used deliberately.

Realities of modern Russian society, growth of consciousness of the people set new tasks for management. Article is devoted to problems of development of humanistic management in Russia. The author has concentrated attention on the philosophical questions arising in management in the course of formation of corporate culture of work collectives. The main requirements to humanistic management, and also his main principles are defined, the analysis of opportunities of philosophy of management and other social sciences in creation of the Russian model of effective management is given. The author finds out specifics of national mentality of Russians in relation to economic activity and problems of subjects of management in this sphere of public life.