The main idea of the article is that there is no alternative for the innovation way of Russia’s development. However, this statement is questionable. The problem is there is no scientifically grounded innovation mechanism either in Russia or abroad. The article provides a scientific definition of the term ‘innovation’, shows signs which can characterize innovation economy and puts forward its methodology. The authors prove that the fundamental basis of innovation economy at the enterprise can be only amortization. On this basis the fund of innovation costs can be formed in the profit, which could release this part of the profit from taxation. Western countries proposed EBITDA index but it has not been scientifically substantiated.

The article shows theoretical basis and preconditions of the inter-company cooperation development; depicts various theories and authors’ approaches which could provide knowledge augmentation in this field. Specific features of current integration processes in the agro-industrial complexes were substantiated. They imply the combination of developing cooperation relations between small and medium business entities at the horizontal level and shaping the system of contractual relations at the vertical level, i. e. between large business entities (agrarian holdings) and small business forms. Clusters, as a modern form of structural economic establishments based on inter-company cooperation which aims at enhancing competitive advantages of national economies were considered.

The foundation of the article was provided by the research which showed certain paradoxes in the law of demand and supply on real estate market. There are situations on this market when the law of demand and supply acts in the opposite direction, i. e. when increase in prices does not always lead to higher demand. The research done within the frames of this article showed that dynamic shifts on real estate market, which demonstrate cyclic nature are very important for studying economic phenomena in general on the national market. The author calculated the index of price flexibility on demand of real estate market.

The article investigates key methods of the two present day schools of economic thought, i. e. the Austrian school and Schumpeterianism, hypotheses put in their basis and principles they are leaning on. The author discussed and analyzed key methodological differences between Schumpeterianism and the Austrian school. He proved the existence of current Schumpeterianism, showed its potential contribution to the further development of economic science. The article focuses on the concept of entrepreneurship. By generalizing various approaches the author pointed out that methodological individualism presupposes explanation of public phenomena in terms of individual behavior. The information basis of the article was formed by authors addressing the Austrian economic school and Schumpeterianism.

The article discusses problems, which arose during designing working programs for modules on physical culture and sport according to the federal state education standard of higher education of the new generation. The authors showed important aspects fostering the development of working programs which can meet the current requirements. Figures of the survey conducted among students in order to find out their opinion about the process of physical training in university. The federal state education standard provides the opportunity to realize modules on physical culture and sport independently and it makes it possible to interpret the subject content freely. However, it could distort the target of subjects of state policy in the field of physical culture and sport.

Projects being financed through project financing are estimated on the basis of forecast values and predictable condition of economy. There are different sectors of economy which are the most appealing from the point of view of investment effectiveness. At the same time there is social responsibility of state, which is realized by state regulation of project financing market. The article analyzes functioning of the enterprise that was put into operation after project completion and belongs to the sector of housing and municipal utilities. The analysis was done by key indicators which can help estimate the project effectiveness. Findings can prove the necessity of state participation in socially significant projects and of forming more highly-qualified staff of managers in the sector, who are able to work efficiently.

The article provides some authors’ considerations about usefulness of rules in the finance field, which is characterized by scholasticism and uncertainty. The authors give their interpretation of the term ‘finance rules’, analyze the current condition of the global finance system and show challenges of its development. The article discusses key global finance instruments for adaptation of finance systems to growing uncertainty of the macro-economic environment. Principle attention is paid to rules accumulated by certain countries in the field of monetary and credit and budget policy. Their advantages in comparison with discretionary, sporadic steps of regulation bodies were demonstrated. The combined use of finance rules in today’s condition is necessary to provide their efficiency. Coordination of finance rules in monetary and credit and budget policy is shown as the authors’ economic-mathematic model.

The article shows the current trends of regional development in Tajikistan. It pointed out to the importance of pursuing effective economic policy aimed at dynamic economic development of regions, where enterprises, which put out competitive products and use advanced technologies are not sufficiently developed and where innovation activity is poor due to shortage of internal and external investment. The state budget has not enough resources for fast settlement of serious problems of social and economic development of regions. The authors showed that to increase the speed of economic growth it is necessary to substantiate scientifically the strategy of economic growth, to design new tools for raising direct foreign investment.

The article investigates the problem of operational measurement of demand and supply during exchange trade with the help of angular operations. For this purpose a small amount of asset is bought, which is sold later or these steps are conducted in reverse order. To get mathematically strict proof a multi-agent model of exchange pricing was used. The authors showed that as a result of an angular operation the price changes in the direction of the trend. Acceptability of this approach was analyzed, as well as its efficiency and reliability. In particular, it was shown that in conditions of demand and supply equilibrium angular operations cause no loss minus transaction costs and costs connected with spread between purchase and sale.

The present day understanding of innovation and innovation activity has a long history. Innovation plays a key role in efficient functioning of finance market and economic growth. At the same time industry of finance services is an appealing field for scientific observations. Companies, which provide finance services, as a rule have not got protection of intellectual property in their innovation activity. However, the absence of these rights has not eliminated incentives or possibilities to introduce innovation by companies. The article shows that value innovation accentuates equally on value and innovation for customers, clients and the company. This concept aims at developing strategy of growth, new products and services (over-configuration of existing products and services) that are valuable for the client.

The article analyzed the existing order of discounting in-built finance tools derivatives in accordance with international and Russian standards and found insufficient methodological development and questionability of many issues connected with identification and further discount of in-built finance tools derivatives. Such terms as ‘hybrid contract’ and ‘in-built finance tools derivative’ were defined. An acute classification of the most widely-spread types of in-built finance tools derivatives was put forward. The author advanced her own algorithm of identifying in-built finance tools derivatives in contracts in order to develop theoretical and methodological foundations in the field of such tools discount.

The article discusses issues of practical HR management, which are used by liner managers in their everyday work. The author puts forward effective technologies and methods of HR work for practical application. The material provides full and objective idea about problems connected with HR management and methods of their resolving. Special attention is paid to innovative managerial conceptions and settlement of the most  widely-spread situations in HR work.

The current system of administrating catering facilities in education institutions requires modernization with regard to social importance of this work. Nature of reforms should be complex, systematic and should include all components of the management system.  The authors showed that the most adequate technology of administrating catering enterprises in universities is operative controlling, which gives an opportunity to integrate processes of planning, regulation and control to achieve high results. Budgeting is considered as an information-analytical support of controlling, as it allows us to identify centers of responsibility and substantiate target planned and control indicators: receipts per unit of physical indicator, max share of raw material in receipts, share of costs for remuneration in receipts.

Public services are accompanied by a high level of expectations from the public, and therefore, we observe the strengthening role of supervision and quality management in this sector. The need for accountability and transparency in public expenses has grown significantly, which impacts public organizations and stimulates them to do more with less, be more effecient. The article considers practical aspects of enhancement of financial management, governance, performance management in organizations of this sector. The author emphasizes the qualification skills of financiers  in public sector under current conditions. 

E-commerce is one of system-forming elements of Russian economy. Fast development of information technologies in line with a new stage of economic relations fosters proliferation of e-commerce. Advantages of new information technologies attract more and more participants of economic relations, change the quality of commercial deals. The author selected such an approach to defining e-commerce (commercial activity using internet technologies), which requires detailed consideration of the process of development and effective functioning of the internet-shop. It is not only a place for making deals or web shop-window but a site for effective communication with potential and real customers. Professional design of the internet-shop site can affect the opinion of potential customers and ensure max profitability of investment. These ideas explain the acute character of the article, whose aim is to review and consider the key stages of development and implementation of the internet-shop project illustrated by children’s goods market.

The article considers four variants of criteria for effectiveness of territories’ ecological rehabilitation illustrated by decontamination of radioactive pollution: with max benefit of decontamination; with min of costs connected with it; with max specific efficiency of costs on decontamination and min costs per unit of prevented damage cost. The authors proved equivalent character of the first and second, third and fourth criteria in pairs. It was shown that the use of first two criteria allows us to get absolute solution of decontamination optimization by the residual dose of radiation and two other criteria can be used only for tasks with restrictions. An example of using the first two criteria for tasks of decontamination optimization was provided.

In current conditions of economic instability a serious role in providing sustainable development to Russian economy belongs to effective realization of economic potential of the country and its regions, including its component – production potential. In spite of a number of successive crises factors of stability keep being important for the country’s economy, which could raise sustainability to uncertainty on finance markets, external impact and ensure economic growth. They include, for example renovation and modernization of industrial enterprises, growth of investment in fixed assets, introduction of innovation, improvement of the quality of labour capital. In this connection the article shows the dynamics of key components of production potential and regional peculiarities of their use.

The article discusses methodological approaches to defining strategic landmarks for developing national economic systems. The authors investigate principles of forming and trends of developing competitive potential in agrarian territories. Possibilities for forming and developing competitive potential in agrarian territories were analyzed, prospects of developing agricultural production were identified. The article put forwards target guidelines for making economic decisions, which will guarantee satisfaction of people’s needs in food in accordance with forecasts of the population dynamics, support of policy of import-substitution and export expansion, growth of key parameters of efficient development in agrarian territories. It substantiates the rational correlation between target guidelines for forming and developing of competitive potential of agrarian territories on the one hand and food self-sufficiency of the population, on the other hand in conditions of international trade on foods and within the frames of the WTO.

Production infrastructure not only determines the level of social and economic development of a certain region but is a factor of all national economy growth. The article proves the necessity of interconnected use of methods and tools of project-oriented approach and cluster policy to intensify the development of production infrastructure of the region. Tools of state support aimed at cluster development in Moscow were described. In order to resolve problems of innovation development of production infrastructure the author identified organizational and resource components of the project-oriented approach and on this basis advanced a mechanism of administration of production infrastructure to attract private investment.

The article deals with the analysis of regional policy as a topic of public-legal activity of state power bodies in the Russian Federation. It discusses legal basis for the development and pursuing regional policy, substantiates the necessity to adopt the federal law ‘About State Regional Policy of the Russian Federation’. The authors propose to fix in the law the key notions connected with regional policy and regional development, such as: ‘regional policy’, ‘regional development’, ‘tools of regional policy’, ‘region’, ‘macro-region’, ‘agglomeration’, ‘district’, ‘district-division’, ‘cluster’, ‘zone’, ‘zoning’. The authors ground the aims, priorities and strategically important directions of regional policy and regional development, as well as mechanisms of realizing this policy in Russia at the present stage.

Handing-over the property of annexed universities is a serious problem for education institutions. The article discusses issues connected with lease relations in today’s conditions. Special attention is paid to the process of handing-over the property through auction and without it. Apart from that the author describes procedures of concluding a lease on preferential terms in order to systematize lease relations for effective use of education institution infrastructure and raising the university image. The author proposes a scheme showing stages of handing-over property on preferential terms and identifies all steps of interaction between leaser and founder of the education institution.

The article explains the importance of life insurance industry, shows its development in Uzbekistan and key stages of functioning. Successive analysis of changes in legislative norms and life insurance industry regulation reveal methodological aspect of market research. While the level of some indicators of life insurance market in Uzbekistan is rather low, a considerable growth of market can lately be observed and its further development is stipulated, on the one hand by chances of insurers to introduce new insurance services and to pursue well-developed investment policy and on the other hand, by interest of home insurers in availability and extension of insurance cover, whose decisive factors are aging of the population and increase in the life span. By analyzing the current situation and problems of the development the author advances proposals on further development of life insurance industry.

The mode of life and activity, the standard of life are determined by deficit of fundamental scientific information about trends, problems, necessary conditions and possibilities of using the overseas experience for managing social consequences of scientific-technological development of global economy at the current stage of Russia modernization. In this context studying the impact of science and technology on the standard of life and wellbeing of people is very important. The authors analyze overseas experience of researching social consequences of scientific-technological development of global economy in order to assess possibilities of fragmented or complex use of gained new knowledge to improve the standard of life and to conduct further fundamental, practical and forecast research connected with the most important phenomena of the mankind development.

The article using the example of K. S. Lewis novel ‘Space Trilogy’ deals with such literary genre as science fiction and fantasy. The authors pay special attention to assessment of genre specificities of the novel by Russian and foreign literary critics. A wide range of appraisals is provided, their similarities and differences are shown concerning the genre nature of the novel. The authors interpreted literary genre of various philological schools and directions and underlined the role of science fiction and fantasy in revealing characters’ peculiarities in the novel. Philosophic comprehension of their grounds is also given.

The article deals with functioning of the in-university governance body, i. e. the Academic Council of the Russian Plekhanov University of Economics. In comparison with competence and obligations of the present day Academic Council the authors investigate specific features of Plekhanovka Council functioning during shaping and developing the soviet model of higher education (the 1930-s – early 1940-s). By analyzing the normative documents we can come to the conclusion about extending the Council’s responsibility in terms of general governance, training and certification of the faculty, in the field of academic and teaching work and at the same time about intensifying the administrative control on the part of soviet leadership. The article points out to promising directions in researching in-university governance, the Academic Council functioning, including that in Plekhanovka.

The article in line with the analysis of art features of the series of paintings by V. V. Vereschagin ‘1812’ investigates the presence of arch-types of power and wisdom in interaction with concealed symbols of heroism, faithfulness, simplicity, etc. The author characterizes steps of prominent historic personalities in connection with military events, shows hidden symbols in life and struggle of ordinary people facing the national disaster, as well as some individuals in the hardest periods of public life of the country. We can see contracts and struggle of arche-types on the background of Russian and European history and war history in particular.