The market environment where enterprises function is a dynamically developing system today. Therefore, sustainability of the enterprise is one of the essential characteristics of organization competitiveness in market economy. The article studies different aspects of enterprise sustainability. It shows that the higher sustainability the enterprise possesses, the lower impact it can experience on the part of unpredictable changes of market situation, political instability and various exogenous and endogenous factors. Due to this, risks of losing balance and facing bankruptcy are declining. Digitalization of equipment and whole factories can provide restructuring of the model in accordance with changing structures of global market, where we can observe the trend of transforming the product-supplier business-model into complex solution supplier. The authors propose to consider technologies of Industry 4.0 as instruments necessary to secure sustainability in organizations and give concrete examples of using digital tools at the enterprise. In case transformation of the business-model is carried out with due regard to the experience accumulated in the organization, factors and tools of digitalization can be necessary and even vital for sustainable development of the organization.

The article investigates the system of internal control in the credit organization (bank) on the basis of methodology of system-functional analysis and its description on the basis of methodology of graphic depicting of IDEF0 links.

The system of internal control is shown as an internal functional sub-system of the bank meant for provision of the key function realization, which is typical of any system (and mainly, the social and economic one), i.e. the function of feedback, whose availability acts as indisputable foundation of system sustainability as it is. The authors show the functional interconnection between the service of internal control, the service of internal audit and the service of risk-management. Within the frames of system paradigm the authors identify the key functions of different types of social and economic system: the function of object systems (organization of heterogeneous elements into a united whole); the function of environmental systems (communication and coordination, developing conditions necessary to exchange between different system components); the function of process systems (harmonization of work and condition of all economic systems); the function of event (project) systems (innovational transformation of other systems). The authors put forward a hypothesis that availability (projecting) and performing these system functions determine the process of sustainable and efficient functioning of the credit organization as an organizational and economic system. 

During the last decade the role of innovation in the development of Russian and overseas economy has been rising.

Innovation growth takes place in all spheres of global economy, including Russia. Sustainable development of economic systems depends today on introduction of intellectual activity results in production therefore a demand in innovation commercialization arises. The article identifies several problems of innovation commercialization that came into being in Russia lately, which were studied in academic literature. The author puts forward his own interpretation of the ideas of innovation platform and innovation strategy, provides classification of key forms o the innovation process and gives examples of countries, which conduct commercialization of intellectual activity results successfully. He systematizes the material identifying approaches to commercialization of research results in global practice and offers practical recommendations on managing the process. Conclusions were made about the importance of innovation commercialization on micro- and macro-levels of economy and about the impact of state policy on shaping the model of research result commercialization in Russia. The author shows the future prospects of managing the process of innovation commercialization and underlines their positive influence on the economic development of the country. 

The growing social load onto the young and able-bodied section of the population as well as the current international political situation and sanctions resulted in the necessity to develop not only innovative technologies and products but also employees who can work in new economy. In such conditions labour market cannot provide the efficient and integral use of labour represented by young workers. Unemployment even among graduates of the most prestigious universities is a serious social and economic problem facing Russia today due to undeveloped state policy in the field of employment, education standards and the absence of mechanisms providing interaction between employers and graduates. As a result labour market is full of specialists of the general profile, who as a rule have a degree in economics, management or law, while economists and lawyers of the industry type have opportunities for career development within the frames of their qualification, which could be beneficial for economy of the country. In practice workers with degrees of technical universities are in higher demand among employers in comparison with economics universities. The authors rise a question about the necessity and importance of certain education programs in universities, which can give knowledge and competences but are not needed in current market relations. The article shows that the arising misbalance between the demand and young workers’ training can be settled by introducing complex approaches to restructuring systems of training, re-training and implementing education programs through effective innovation mechanisms.

The article deals with the impact of social problems and social policy on the efficiency of economic activity. By comparing social and economic indicators of Russia and OESR countries a conclusion was drawn that contrasting two goals of national economy development i.e. social justice and economic efficiency is artificial. As social problems affect directly the effectiveness of economic activity, economizing on problems of poverty, inequality, public health and education could lead to a drop in labour productivity and slowing-down of economic development. The authors propose concrete steps aimed at resolving the most acute social problems of today’s Russia, including limits of top management salaries in regions and companies in relation to the mean wage at organizations led by them, active social policy of state in the field of wages, the system of social guarantees for low-paid workers, a rise in state spending on public health and education. The article was written on materials of the School of Young Researcher meeting, which dealt with the development of Russian economy.

The key tool of economy development is new technologies, whose implementation is possible in conditions of new technological structure. Today the trends have been identified, which should be taken into account in plans of the leading companies’ development and final indicator values that should be attained for these plans fulfillment in the future. The program of digital economy development includes as a priority line of modernization the system of education and science, where personnel training requires detail investigation. Now special attention in training specialists is paid to moulding profiles with specific approaches not only in the teaching process organization but in realizing education technologies. The article analyzes views of Russian and overseas researchers on the idea of professional competence. Priority trends of shaping professional competences of the bachelor course graduates were studied, as well as methodological re commendations on their realization. The author provides schemes aimed at introduction to the system of bachelor training certain innovational education technologies meant for mastering a wider range of competences, which can help adapt to the changing conditions of labour market. Approaches were formulated, which could coordinate interests of employers, universities and students with regard to new requirements of economic development. 

The article studies the notion of informal employment, its essence, types, structure and methodological approaches to its registration and evaluation. Different ways of defining informal employment were investigated by using various criteria, such as the type and status of the enterprise, employment, institutional standards and informal economy. Social and economic consequences of informal employment development were found, as well as its role on labour market, which fosters (in line with negative factors) a drop in actual unemployment, a decrease in tension and a rise in competition. The experience of different countries connected with cutting informal employment was studied and a conclusion was drawn about the necessity to design and adopt a complex approach that combines legal, administrative and economic steps aimed at elimination of this phenomenon. The author substantiates the necessity of complex policy covering different fields of regulation together with mechanisms of stimulation and punishment, broader goals for institution upgrading, economic reforms and changing social norms, lowering tolerance to informal labour relations. The article analyzes structural reforms taking place on labour market in Uzbekistan that are aimed at liberalization and meet international standards, including organizational and legal, which could create a favourable environment for cutting the informal employment rate. Within the frames of the research recommendations were worked out for cutting the informal employment rate with regard to global experience. 

The article deals with specific rating of research work for the faculty and identifying internal components of research work and their decomposition with further distribution into duties and setting norms for each element of the structure in research or project. Current approaches to research work were studied and recommendations on its structure were given with due respect to digitalization. Based on the analysis of research work rating the author formulated an approach of splitting workers with regard to their individual qualities. The information base of the article was formed by normative and legal acts of the Russian Federation, state programs, data of the Federal Service of State Statistics, analytical reports, guiding materials and methodological recommendations, periodical economic publications, data of rating agencies, materials of conferences, official information dealing with work rating for the faculty of Russian universities and publications in mass media and the Internet. The author identifies theoretical and methodological approaches to developing the mechanism of work rating and regulating for the faculty on the basis of new principles of labour distribution aimed at raising labour productivity and quality of specialists’ training.

The growing number of international migrants plays an important role in the life of host and home countries by affecting their economy, society and population. A special place in processes of population migration is taken by cash transactions of migrants living abroad. In line with certain positive effects of migrants and migrants’ transactions there are negative, latent factors that have not been studied yet. Some researchers point to such adverse effect as a rise in unemployment among the population of the home country, as members of households with migrants, when they start getting a stable income from abroad lose incentive to economic activity and acquire the dependence mood. The author discusses the most important negative effect, i.e. excessive dependence of the country on the inflow of migrants’ cash transactions, which could result in ‘dollarization’ of country economy and even in symptoms of the ‘Holland disease’. The article shows that in Uzbekistan the net – sender of labour migrants, the impact of the migration process and migrants’ transactions on economy and customer behavior of the population are extremely topical. By investigating the mentioned problems it is necessary to design integral state policy in the field of labour migration.

The article studies the interconnection between reforms in the system of labour taxation, included in the income tax of individuals and contributions to social insurance and welfare of citizens and the dynamics of informal employment in Russia, calculated by human resource balance. The analysis leaned on the hypothesis about the exceptional impact of tax burden on the rate of informal employment, which in case of rising tax burden on the official sector acts as a tool of cutting costs for business and becomes a part of survival strategy for the population. In order to get the most reliable empiric data the dynamics of informal employment was calculated by human resource balance as a difference between the total number of those employed in economy and the average membership of the corporate sector. By the comparative analysis of labour taxation systems of OESR country-members the following conclusion was drawn: the current characteristics of the national system of taxation in the field of employment together with unfavourable factors of the home labour market push both employers and employees to informal employment. The retrospective analysis of results of the most important taxation initiatives in reducing and raising the tax burden on labour showed that resolving the problem is possible in the field of strengthening the labour market institutions together with the development and adoption of the long-term taxation policy in respect of citizens’ income of employment.

Despite the long history of market reforms in the country, the quality of Russian entrepreneurial ecosystems does not fit to the overall economic development of the country. The causes of this situation are poorly investigated even though there are many studies are conducted on the field of entrepreneurial climate in Russia. An explanation can be found in the field of political-economic aspects and policy of statism that has formed and strengthened in the country since the mid of the 1990th. In the present paper we analyze and discuss the current state of entrepreneurial development concerning the changing governmental political-economic policy. During the last two years, there have been certain qualitative changes, expressed in the transformation of elites' attitude to entrepreneurs. The «National entrepreneurship support» project has been introduced, and a series of impactful support programs have been launched on the regional level. Two IT platforms - 'Business Navigator' and 'My business', aimed at nascent and early staged entrepreneur's support have been successfully started. The study has a descriptive qualitative research design and also can be attributed to the Policy-Oriented Research type. In this study, we have analyzed the latest entrepreneurial statistics, GEM data, and several Russian entrepreneurial development indexes. The authors conclude that despite the appearance of stability in entrepreneurial development metrics, the current moment is a turning point, as some certain prerequisites for a qualitative increase in the entrepreneurial class have already formed in the country.

In line with global trends of virtual production within the frames of the 4-th industrial revolution concept industrial enterprises facing new challenges and objectives have to transform their production processes in order to support competitiveness. Standard approaches to production management cannot retain enterprise profitability on the desirable level. Globalization rate increases at the expense of unprecedented development of information technologies. The article analyzes today’s trends of science-intensive industrial technology development, finding new priority lines in devising smart manufacturing in Russian industry. The author demonstrates the demand in technological process automation at industrial enterprises in Russia, shows opportunities and grounds practical necessity of using artificial intellect in manufacturing and introduction of smart-manufacturing at Russian enterprises. Successful practices of introducing IoT technologies at Russian and overseas enterprises were depicted.

The author provides target figures for priority production technologies within the frames of the Federal project ‘Digital Technologies’: technologies of smart manufacturing (Smart Manufacturing); digital projecting, mathematic modeling and managing the life cycle of product or produce (Smart Design); manipulators and manipulating technologies. Technology of developing complex architecture and strategy for using smart-manufacturing was identified and target figures for the period up to 2014 by principle technological trends of developing smart-manufacturing in Russia were provided. Opportunities for shaping smart-potential and its strategic use in the interests of production development were described. The author develops the present economic and theoretical ideas dealing with industrial production digitsalization and problems of smart technologies introduction. The obtained results and conclusions can be used by top management of corporations in identifying lines and strategies of industrial enterprise development. 

In industrialized countries outsourcing is widely used and its volume is constantly increasing. In Russia foreign companies and joint ventures use it regularly, while home corporations do not usually trust this business-model. Today ways of resolving economic problems by using outsourcing tools have not been studied yet. The article shows the academic view on outsourcing as a methodological approach to interrelations between enterprises. The authors identify a set of signs characterizing outsourcing and ground the necessity to specify outsourcing functions in management at all levels of national economy. They developed and show conceptual methodology of outsourcing principles, methods, tools and functions of outsourcing, its drawbacks and problems of its introduction into economic practice of Russia. Direct and overhead expenses of outsourcing were estimated. The procedure of the quantitative assessment of outsourcing was described and economic efficiency of passing support functions to outsourcing was shown. The authors ground the necessity to evaluate the cost of functions carried out by the company itself and those conducted by outsourcing tools. It was proved that in relations between enterprises in case of outsourcing the contract is obligatory.

The university catering center is a complex dynamic system, which includes catering enterprises of different types. The work of the catering center focuses mainly on technology of product output and organization of customer service. At the same time insufficient attention is paid to the efficiency of catering center functioning in the structure of university and to performance of social and economic functions put on it. It gives rise to problems typical to the current system of catering center management. As these problems are not adequately studied, it causes high expenses of catering center maintenance, the use of outdated, inefficient organization of production and sale. The author identifies and analyzes problems of catering center functioning in university, evaluates the system of managing its efficiency as a structural division of university. The article shows key factors influencing the efficiency of its work, such as 'vague' legal status, the absence of planning and planned figures, unavailability of a single control center, monitoring expenses on raw materials and product and service sale and others. The author puts forward certain ways of increasing the catering center profits and material incentives for workers, for example, enlarging the range of products and service, which could raise proceeds and income.

Today sustainable development affects greatly the rise in economy efficiency in the country and plays an important role for any state in any conditions. The article discusses the concept of sustainable development of hospitality enterprises and mechanism of its implementation by paying special attention to sustainable development of tourism in general. On the basis of criteria of sustainable development of tourism for destinations proposed by the Global Council on Sustainable Tourism the authors in order to estimate the sustainable development of hotels put forward the idea to use classification of hotel enterprise criteria with 5 sections (economic, social, ecological, institutional and information-communicational technologies) connected with aspects of increasing economic benefits for hotel enterprises and local community; to raise corporate social responsibility of hospitality enterprises; to plan their work on condition to minimize the negative consequences for the environment, etc. The author provide practical and methodological recommendations aimed at ensuring sustainable development of these sectors, including monitoring of realization degree and methodology of estimating sustainable development of hospitality enterprises.

A key aspect of marketing strategy today is an ability to attract new generations of customers. The present day generation - digitalnatives (digital aboriginals, generation Z) is becoming a fast growing target group of consumer market and future global online-commerce. On the basis of Russian and overseas research on social – psychological and behavioral characteristics of generation Z the author studies the approach to building communication through which brands could broadcast their messages to customers and reveal their values. Phygital-technologies mean communications showing specificity, interests and preferences of generation Z, which provide an opportunity to create a new eco-system by using key advantages of traditional and digital tools. The new generation digitalnatives was born and grew up at the age of the Internet, gadgets and digital technologies. It is more useful to get in touch with this groupd through on-line platforms by developing a unique entertaining, laconic content, which could get within the eye-sight of Z-customers and comply with their interests and behavioral characteristics. However, the efficient two-sided communication implies not only on-line space, it includes off-line environment. The author shows that applying the approach, which could provide mutual integration of different channels of communication into a unique strategic system is an effective way of attracting the attention of new generations.

In studying the development of the international crime situation and the dynamics of changes in the «strategic priorities» of transnational criminal groups, it should be noted that crimes against the financial system have been and remain among the most profitable criminal acts that generate significant resources. Of particular concern to many international law enforcement agencies was the growing interest of criminals in using not only the relative and easily accessible services of banking and financial institutions, but also a fairly rapid increase in their ‘qualifications’, allowing them to be effectively used for the commission of crimes and for the legalization of funds, obtained in the course of criminal acts, complex computer technologies, including products of the rapidly developing market of crypto assets or crypto. It should be noted that the development in the recent past on the vast «cryptoprostores» of the Internet of Bitcoins (the first representative of this market) immediately caused concern and negative reaction not only of experts in the field of investment in money-laundering and financing of terrorism, but also of representatives of law enforcement bodies working in the field of combating fraud and crimes in the field of complex technologies. And such a negative reaction was due to one simple factor (which was the main advantage of bitcoins) – the possibility to purchase and carry out operations, including international ones, anonymously, as well as it is relatively easy to exchange bitcoins for ordinary funds. Unfortunately, the response of the international institutions responsible for money-laundering and the financing of terrorism, as well as those responsible for the supervision of the banking and financial sector, aimed at creating appropriate countermeasures, was significantly late, which allowed the market of crypto to begin to develop rapidly. This in turn led to a rapid growth of bitcoin-like crypto assets and a huge increase in their value, which led to some semblance of the gold rush and all the negative consequences associated with it: the bank-rotation of unlucky investors, the acquisition of fake crypto assets, large-scale theft on the exchanges of crypto, etc. That was why the need for strict regulation of the market and its inclusion in the international system against money-laundering and financing of terrorism  led responsible international organizations to take a number of measures to reduce the risks and threats of transactions with Bitcoins and its «fellow» organizations. This article presents the experience of the European Mission and individual States of the European Union in assessing risk, developing and implementing measures aimed at combating the use of crypto assets in criminal activities, as well as reducing the level of anonymity of persons engaged in transactions with this type of property.

The subject of research in the article is the process of shaping the shadow capital in the shadow banking sector.

Its goal is to identify specific features of shadow economic relations leading to shadow capital shaping in the Russian banking sector. During the research such methods as induction, deduction, historic analysis and synthesis were used. The authors define the functional aim of the shadow capital in the Russian banking sector. Firstly, in the short-term period it realizes the key feature of capital as an economic category by bringing short-term profit.

Secondly, in the process of movement and accumulation the shadow capital can be re-invested in illegal business.

Results of the research can be used in national economy, including the shadow banking sector. The authors came to the conclusion that shadow capital functioning has dual nature (positive/negative). Being an entity-object system it has positive side too. The positive side in shadow capital shaping consists in the essence of the economic category of capital, which implies its movement and accumulation.