Complete satisfaction of essential needs of the population is a key factor of any economic system sustainability.The article studies specific features of the food security problem, identifies paradoxes of its emergence, focuses on attaining quality parameters in resolving problems of food security. The author carries out comparative analysis of certain aspects of global and national food security and investigates implementation of the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation. The multi-aspect character of the food security problem was grounded and the necessity of its systematic study was underlined. Apart from that, the article provides hypothetic forecasts that current trends of dominance of big economic forms in the structure of agricultural produce output could cause serious structural changes in the whole economic system, reduce the importance of market mechanisms and result in decreasing biodiversity in food supply.

Modeling systems in present day life give opportunity to find optimum ways of enterprise functioning and changes in set parameters without interference in production processes or before starting the planned production. The article studies imitation modeling use in agricultural machine-building. Brief description of FlexSim software is provided. Functional features of the system of imitation modeling allow users to identify bottlenecks, analyze statistic data, plot diagrams, etc. Imitation models of production processes on assembly line for seed-loaders are described, obtained results are analyzed and bottlenecks of the production line are identified. The authors study possibilities of optimization, which can raise productivity, for example, cutting the number of operators and introducing coordinators. The present research shows the importance of modeling and analyzing production processes in virtual environment in order to plan changes in production. Apart from modeling production processes, FlexSim program can be used for analyzing material, finance, information, staff resources, which affects managerial decision-making and strategy of industrial enterprise development.

The article analyzes processes influencing current trends of tourism development. The author focuses on principle importance of in-country tourism, its adjustment to present day conditions and thinks that it is necessary to find new vectors and lines of its development. He proposes to pay special attention to the development of rite tourism as a possible solution to current problems. This notion has not been highlighted in academic literature yet. The author analyzes this type of tourism and puts forward his own interpretation and classification of its key lines as well as classification of rite tours in time, length and geography. He underlines the difference between rite tourism and ritual one. The analysis of the most popular routes showed that our country possesses necessary resources for the development of rite tourism. The author studied the potential, for example of the Arkhangelsk region and proposes to use certain folk fests of coast-dwellers to develop new tourist programs within the frames of rite tours. The fullscale use of the rite tourism potential as an integral part of tourist industry can have serious impact on social and economic progress in the region, on preservation of cultural traditions and our history.

Innovation technologies penetrated all spheres of economy in many countries of the world and Uzbekistan is one of them. The reforms being carried out in social and economic life of the country require innovation ideas and technologies. The article analyzes positive overseas experience and practice of using tax systems, which can promote the development of innovation activity and shows the impact of taxation on innovation activity. The subject of the research is mechanism of tax motivation of innovation activity at enterprises of real sector of economy. The author proposes steps aimed at improving economic efficiency of tax motivation in the field of innovation activity of enterprises in the Republic of Uzbekistan, as taxation system plays the most important role in supporting innovation. Mechanisms of tax motivation include creation of such conditions that can promote demand for innovative products and investment into new technologies.

In times of sharp aggravation of the sanction war against the Russian Federation, global power crisis and highest geo-political and geo-financial risks the world community, including the Russian Federation, keeps on moving towards carbon neutrality. It takes place in spite of dropping global investment caused by the pandemic and sanctions, reduction in carbon deals and turbulent finance and power markets. On this way within the frames of the green agenda serious risks such as deficit of sustainable development financing, low share of undeveloped countries and prevalence of state funds in financing were encountered. The article estimates investment needs of the global program of sustainable development by industries, where the highest share falls to power engineering. It identifies sources of investment: private capital of institutional investors, international finance organizations, international banks of development and state funds. And finally, it provides expert opinions of the IMF concerning the volume of deficit in financing and problems of undeveloped countries, which due to limited national finance markets cannot use market financial tools of investment raising for projects of green technologies. The authors focused on the most capital-intensive industry of the green agenda, i.e. power and on energy-transition to carbon neutrality. They pointed out to finance risks of energy-transition and such urgent problems, as searching for sources of financing, for investors that are ready to put capital into risky low-carbon projects with a long pay-back period, building new finance schemes of participant interaction, developing innovative finance products.

The article deals with an acute topic connected with sustainable development, i. e. the development of green financing. Raising capital for green investment was limited due to micro-economic problems dealing with internationalization of external factors, informational asymmetry, inadequate analytical potential and vague definition of the notion ‘green’. Green bonds mean various debt tools, after flotation of which earnings go to financing or refinancing of effective or new green projects. The article describes stages of green bond market development, characterizes participants of this trend and shows voluntary standards of green bonds that should be used for their issuance. The principle goals of green finance are to internationalize ecological external factors and reduce risk perception, to stimulate investment that could provide ecological advantages. The author studies benefits and structure of green bonds by aims of using profits and shows pre-conditions of green financing development. They are creation of favorable environment, support of business climate, provision of bank regulation bodies with authorities to supervise ecological risks of the finance sector and law supremacy and investment regime, which could promote growth in green investment activity.

The article studies the concept, methods and forms of assessment of finance strategy in the company, which could promote its development. The authors pay special attention to issues dealing with finance policy in Russian companies. The goal of the research is to analyze theoretical basis of finance policy assessment and summarizing the most serious pre-conditions for its effective pursuance within the frames of strategic management of the company. The subject of the research is methods of appraisal and conditions of finance policy pursuance within the frames of strategic management of the company. The authors used the following methods in their research: statistical methods, comparative analysis of sources, synthesis of academic knowledge and some specific methods, i. e. finance analysis and algorithmization. As a result the authors put forward recommendations on choosing efficient methodology for finance policy assessment and on the list of conditions necessary for its successful realization within the frames of strategic management of the company.

The article studies elements and items of finance accounting adopted by concepts of finance accounting in public sector for ISFA and Russian conceptual foundations of public sector organizations. In researching ISFA concepts of public sector and Russian state sector the author pointed out to certain differences of the conceptual level. If we compare lists of elements and items of finance accounting it is obvious that Russian concepts of state sector include components providing complete accounting of net finance standing of business entity due to inclusion of sources of entity financing. At the same time in the process of research the author found discrepancies and shortcomings dealing with the structure and composition of Russian concepts of state sector. The practical value of the research is connected with working-out of grounded proposals aiming at further development of federal standards of accounting in state sector of the Russian Federation.

Important components of effective organization of budgeting subsystem in commercial structures are clear definition of norms and rules of its building, identification of its place and role in the information system of management support and fixing clear-cut, comprehensive regulation of carrying-out concrete steps for each responsible employee. The authors found certain aspects of the present problem, which require well-grounded specification. After studying regulation and structuring of budgeting, a conclusion was drawn that budgeting is not only expedient but necessary for budget in order to guarantee its safe and sustainable development. Criteria idea of the fact when budgeting can be expedient for business is presented in the article. Specifications concerning periods of budgeting in view of certain indicators (budgeting items) are also provided. The authors show advantages and drawbacks of the important element of budgeting regulation, i.e. building mechanism of employees’ motivation in budgeting subsystem itself. On the basis of their own experience in the field of enterprise economics and in result of summarizing expert opinions they formulate problems, which should be taken into account in developing budget regulation in the company.

The article studies the problem of searching for financing by companies of oil and gas industry. On the one hand, projects in the industry can be highly beneficial in case of positive macro-economic situation, on the other hand, such projects require serious financing on the investment stage. The goal of the research is to develop an alternative mechanism of financing oil and gas industry by bonds with variable coupon rate, which is based on the interest rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, current prices on crude oil of the Urals brand, base price on crude oil fixed in accordance with the Budget Code of the Russian Federation and actual level of oil production. As a result of the research a mechanism of the floating bond coupon was developed, which is not limited in size in case of high oil prices. This mechanism is based on the current interest rate. Unrecoverable budget losses in the budget system are absent in case of granting standard investment privileges for oil and gas projects. Moreover, if situation in oil prices is positive, state can get higher coupon profit on such bonds. The given type of bonds is an alternative source of financing oil and gas projects on the part of state.

Today companies, including international ones function in harsh conditions of external instability, thus they try to optimize their financial results in different ways. One of them is mechanism of transfer pricing, which gives an opportunity to redistribute cash flows inside the company and thus to minimize taxes to state and to optimize final finance result. The article discusses the essence of the mechanism of transfer pricing used by international companies and identifies external and internal goals of its use. The author studies legislative base of transfer pricing, analyzes the current methods applied to control deals between interdependent persons, finds their key characteristics and possibility of use. It was found out that transfer pricing is subject to strict control on the part of tax bodies and it can lead to serious finance risks of companies. They are risks arising directly in case mechanism of transfer pricing is used and risks of insufficient, ‘thin’ capitalization. Taking these indicators into account can help forecast and later minimize potential finance risks of the company.

The development of the state pension system of the Russian Federation is accomplished within the frames of Strategy-2030 and oriented towards attaining national goals and UN Targets of Sustainable Development. According to requirements of strategic documents parameters of the pension system shall be connected with basic macroeconomic and demographic indicators that can both stimulate and restrict its development. As the pension system is fully integrated in the national finance system, its functioning depends directly on finance relations between participants (employees, employers, the Pension Fund of Russia (PFR) and federal budget). However, demographic factors, such as life-span, gender structure, dynamics of birth and death, etc. act as a limiter of finance relations. The article studies changes in demographic factors and finds the trend of population aging, which could have an adverse effect on pensions of Russian citizens. Irrespective of organizational structure of the pension system and amalgamation of two biggest non-budget funds demographic problem is still an important component that affects pension provision. After-effects of the pandemic, forced relaxation and growing life expectancy of the population decreases the gap between the number of working population and the number of pensioners (coefficient of age dependence), which can result in the necessity to look for additional stimulus to the development of the pension system and raising welfare of pensioners. The goal of the article is to substantiate the trend of demographic aging of the population, which leads to higher load on the pension system.

Concern for the health of young citizens is a major task of our state, it was included in the target program ‘Research and Development on Priority Lines of Developing Scientific and Technological Complex in Russia for 2014-2021’. This concern can be realized relying on effective technologies of influencing media, popularization of healthy life style, etc. However, not a single social and psychological theory can cover the whole diversity of social world, but each of them can more or less adequately explain separate, local aspects, phenomena, facts and regularities. The goal of the article is to verify the hypothesis about possible foresight of events and their drastic consequences, including youth extremism, which can take place in case of young students’ exposure to adverse impact on the part of media and about expediency to protect students at every university from this factor. Nature of this phenomenon and consequences of its proliferation have been analyzed in various academic works. Multi-disciplinary methods can be useful for studying the problem. Sociological methods collect and process information mainly in the form of survey and document analysis (event registration, information gained from respondents). The use of neuro-physiological methods stipulates device registration of neuro-physiological processes in the cerebral cortex and adjoining sub cortex zone, which cause psychic functions of the human being uncontrolled by him/her. Philosophy uses logical methods to find reasons of phenomena and their consequences. The combined use of these inter-disciplinary theories and research methods can help reveal sociological and philosophic aspects of social media, understand nature of their impact on student behavior. By social media calls for extremism and terrorism are spread among students and in conditions of present information war waged by western special services against the Russian Federation it is extremely risky and requires a quick response. Findings of the research can help find effective sociological counteraction against youth extremism and terrorism.

Research of the New York University and the American company Nielson showed that 81% of people all over the world are sure that business shall take care of the environment. The demand for ecological or green goods is higher as well as for the whole product group. Sense, cultural codes, values, world outlook and ethics are becoming crucial factors of production and consumption in the 21sr century. The role of adequate level of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is rising drastically for the public company. The authors showed that in view of all mentioned above we should speak about quality transformation of policy dealing with CSR, about transition from traditional task to support company reputation at the expense of conventional charity to organization of sustainable social and economic conditions for the development of business in the region, country and in multinational surrounding.

One of the key challenges of the current century is the growth in green-house gases emissions to the atmosphere. The concentration of carbonic acid gas in the Earth atmosphere keeps rising, which results in climate change. Climate change in Russia can be characterized as continuous warming and its speed is in 2.5 times higher than the speed of global warming. It can prove the volume of our country contribution to the total green-house gas emissions, which shall be taken into account for developing steps aimed at resolving national climatic problems. Ecology in current circumstances and in long-term perspective means practical and scientific and technical foundation for the beginning of man’ rational life on the Earth, when negative impact on the environment is reduced and at the same time accumulated damage is eliminated. Disregard for climatic agenda can create risks for sustainable development of national economy. This principle was introduced in the concept of sustainable development, which is based on balance between human activity and laws of nature by replacing consumers’ attitude towards nature. The article studies the widely-spread economic (market) mechanisms of carbon regulation. General and specific measures of motivating low-carbon development were discussed aiming at higher responsibility and involvement of enterprises in work on cutting green-house gas emissions. The authors show that the key economically effective tools for cutting the carbon footprint are the system of trading quotas on green-house gas emissions, the development of the national system of stock-taking, accounting and emission monitoring. It can be realized as a result of substantiating national emission factors, logical and normative approaches and tested methods for estimation of green-house gas emissions, improvement of the quality of data being analyzed and scenario modeling.

Working-out new approaches to ecology-oriented development of national economy requires new highlytechnological and science-intensive enterprises putting out products with high level of added value at the expense of introduction of innovation ecologically effective technologies and complex ecological modernization of Russian enterprises. The article analyzes strategic goals of ecologically sustainable well-balanced development of the Russian Federation up to 2050 and provides key trajectories of their attaining. The fact of ignoring green growth parameters in governmental strategic documents was proved. On the basis of the present research compensatory mechanism of managing rational natural resource use and algorithm of its practical realization were worked out. It could compensate for the damage incurred to ecosystems and ensure preservation, restoration and increase in lifeproviding conditions of the environment in accordance with the level of negative impact on the environment within the frames of fundamental provisions of the author’s concept of balanced interaction of society and nature as a basis of sustainable development of the world.

Today it is very important to maintain confidence of concerned parties at all levels, as the lower confidence, the higher stimulus is to change the partner or producer. Since the late 20th century non-finance accounting became more and more significant due to internationalization, digitalization and growing role of intangible assets in company capitalization. Non-finance accounting includes ecologic, social and managerial information. Sustainable development and non-finance information have become the key problem among business leaders, investors and regulation bodies. Participants of capital market pay higher attention to the importance of non-finance information. Investors, regulation bodies and banks strive for higher standardization to provide accountability and to enter nonfinance factors in ratings and normative acts. Intensifying global attention to issues of climate change, diversity and inclusivity, as well as COVID-19 crisis accelerated this process. The article studies possible reasons, why companies provide voluntary non-finance information, in spite of potential costs and strategic after-effects. The problem is very important as serious efforts are taken to identify and generalize various theories, which specify corporate accountability making by companies. The author analyzed theories of revealing non-finance information in company reports.

The article studies processes and methods used in case re-engineering of business-processes at the enterprise is necessary. Forward approach to re-engineering is grounded, which identifies its several stages and highlights key characteristics of managerial tools used there. Methods of analyzing efficiency of processes taking place in creating value (product, service, work) are shown. The author traces the way from the hypothesis of the necessity of process re-engineering to analyzing the final result and checking it for compliance with the strategic plan. Key tools of managing the process are shown and their efficiency is described as applied to business-processes in oil and gas industry. The feasibility of using functional-value, plan-factorial and structural analysis is studied. The research puts forward and corroborates the hypothesis that to realize re-engineering of evolutionary and revolutionary types it is necessary to use all three mentioned above methods, as they complement each other and it is also advisory to use data gained by one method in another one. On the basis of the analysis it is possible to conclude that this system of methodology can be used in restructuring business-processes connected with marketing and innovation activity at enterprises of the fuel and power-engineering complex in Russia.

Digital transformation keeps converting government, business and individual work to digital format. However, only a limited number of research deals with studying countries’ readiness for digital transformation and its impact on the fact how enterprises use advanced technologies in order to create value. Therefore, the goal of the research is to investigate the impact of Egypt and Russia readiness for digital transformation necessary for business to master new technologies for creating value during the decade from 2008 to 2017. The date analyzed by the authors is longitudinal, which forms the basis of the panel research. As a result it was found that steps taken by Egypt and the Russian Federation in the field of digital transformation (R & D expenses, the number of scientific and technicalspecialists in R & D sphere) influence on mastering digital technologies by business and creating of technological values. Thus the research extends the current knowledge concerning digital transformation and it is of practical importance for governments of Egypt and Russia in view of recommendations to raise their readiness for digital transformation and to continue research in the field.

Today’s economic situation causes uncertainty in the majority of companies. In spite of numerous difficulties companies shall be flexible, responsive to customer requests that grow in number from day to day. As a result such companies win competition. Leaders, who can introduce innovation strategies, also possess considerable advantage. Strategy implies not only planning of steps aimed at taking a market share or developing a new product. It is not enough just to calculate the project economics. Such components as introduction of necessary corporate culture, social responsibility of the company, building a strong team are very important. A key advantage in this situation is correctly introduced system of organizational values. Today’s generation plays serious attention to social and psychological climate and corporate values that underlie the business. In future companies that built a strong social mission will possess one of the leading HR brands. The article studies the essence and provides classification of obligatory types of values, investigates the process of managing the system of organization values and shows interaction of the value system of individual, organization and society.

The article studies issues of assessing efficiency of production and technological systems (enterprises) in consumer goods industry. Sanction restrictions built new challenges for customer goods industry but at the same time opened new opportunities. The drawback of the current approaches to managing enterprises of customer goods industry is the absence of dynamic appraisal of the technological process quality, which can cause a delayed response to crisis phenomena. To provide efficient management it is proposed to use the indicator ‘economic level of technology’ (ELT) that implies complex assessment of quality and efficiency of the production and technological system. Advantages of this indicator include possibility to forecast the development of production on the basis of due regard to laws of technological process development. With the help of calculations illustrated by two enterprises of microlevel, i.e. the transnational company Nike and the Russian company Dochki Synochki, as well as the US macroeconomic system it was proved that this indicator of efficiency can forecast arising of crucial trends in operational work of the enterprise and economy in general. Taking into account problems facing enterprises of customer goods industry ELT indicator could be used to raise effectiveness of managerial decision-making on the enterprise level and industry and state level in view of target support of development.

The necessity to follow current trends of sustainable development involves more and more participants in the process. Trade companies are an important link in this system of relations. Thus the issues of identifying the key lines of financing green projects in the system of trade enterprise functioning are of great significance. The article shows market mechanisms that ensure implementation of ESG-transformation process in trade. Introduction of  green economy principles requires active involvement of all participants of the system in case their economic interests are coordinated. The author characterized the role of trade intermediaries in the system of ESGtransformation. The need to encourage ecologic policy availability in the company was substantiated, as well as publication of non-finance accounting. The problem of shaping closed-cycle economy is still acute, which is connected with realization of priorities of sustainable development and smoothing green-washing schemes. The article formulated priorities of financing green projects in trade and demonstrated trends of developing the most important components, including introduction of new business-strategy aiming at implementation of ESGprinciples. At the same time the author underlines the necessity to form responsible consumption through intensification of advert campaigns and educational projects, including the sphere of trade enterprise work.

In conditions of the current market situation marketing strategy, which covers substantiation, launching the new product to market and its further promotion are as important elements of the efficient enterprise work as product popularization and forming the positive attitude to it on the part of potential audience. Today the topic of healthy life style becomes popular all over the world, one of its component is introduction of functional and specialized foods into the diet. In the Republic of Belarus the demand for such food is also rising. The article provides results of analyzing the overseas experience in promoting foods with innovative composition and puts forward algorithm of marketing substantiation of development of new products of functional and specialized purpose, which was tested by muesli bars as an additional source of food fibre and product without sugar. Practical application of the author’s algorithm, which can be used as an action plan aimed at strategic development of product and includes mechanisms through which advantages of the new product can be brought to customer notice could give an opportunity to attain goals set for the enterprise and identify clearly the outcome of idea realization.

The article highlights the role of emotions as an alternative of behavior research that has already been thoroughly studied. Emotion studies in marketing concern emotional status of both customers and sellers and managers. Emotions become apparent in facial expression, in different gestures and body posture. The author raises questions dealing with emotion origin through agitation, their transformation, interaction between positive and negative emotions. Contrary and mutually complementary emotion status as a result of the same agitation was analyzed. The notion of satisfaction as a key emotion after getting or consuming product or service is discussed. The goal of the article is to show the basis of analyzing emotions, their estimation and to demonstrate how emotions function as irritants and what result can be obtained in influencing customers. As a conclusion the author describes prospects of further investigation aimed at studying emotions in marketing.