The effective economic development of the Russian Federation is a key factor of stable functioning of state, which is able to perform functions of state governance and national security, as without them the dynamic social and economic development of the Russian state and society is impossible. Today national economy of the Russian Federation is progressing on the way of digital transformation, building economy of the innovative type with subsequent passing over to the new technological structure stipulated by relative state programs. At the same time economic development is hindered by certain geopolitical circumstances connected with inadequate political and economic behavior of unfriendly countries that adopted economic sanctions against the Russian Federation. Under these geopolitical conditions special attention should be paid to the quality and efficiency of the present political system, as well as the quality of the institutional environment envisaged by the quality of political system. The article studies the structure of political system in the Russian Federation in view of its impact on economic development dynamics. It was identified that the political system as a component of institutional structure of Russia consists of two groups of institutions that represent interests of Russian state and Russian society, which do not always coincide in the field of social and economic development. Within the frames of institutional analysis the author proposes to distinguish two blocks in the political system, i. e. a state block and a block representing interests of Russian society in order to find similar and controversial interests of state and society to harmonize them in the process of developing state economic policy. The author puts forward criteria compliance to which of the political system as a key component of the institutional structure in Russia affecting the economic development intensity could allow us to recognize it effective, capable of creating efficient institutional environment (totality of formal institutions), promoting dynamic development of national economy within the frames of approved state programs.

The article studies aspects of mathematic researching psychology of the personnel selection process in viable organization. It is important that taking into account psychological and motivating aspects in real tasks of multi-criteria selection and regulation makes the research approach well-grounded and gives an opportunity to support viability and efficient functioning of the entity within the frames of the model of effective recruiting system. To model behavior psychology of the executive – principal the research is done by systematic description of the ‘principal-agent’ process with due regard to real practices and approaches known to the author due to obtained professional, academic and teaching experience. For mathematic modeling of final opinions and appraisals formulated by experts, concerned persons and decision-makers results of higher algebra theory, tools of the method of analyzing hierarchies and conceptual approaches of the theory of even and odd multitudes are used. To explain psychological – emotional and cognitive ideas about the importance of such criteria as ‘competence’, ‘motivation’ and ‘loyalty’ identified as key ones and used by decision-makers and to model opinions concerning the impact of risks, which accompany the procedure of candidate selection the author used results of present day fundamental investigations in the field. The article provides examples of the impact of background characteristics of competition on distribution of jobs among candidates. The given material can be useful for the process of formalizing conceptual aspects of theory and practice to build effective teams of viable organizational systems, can be applied to classify potential risky situations formed by employees of different divisions, effective for adaptation of foresight and long-frame technologies to practice of diagnosing and projecting efficient structures meeting current social and economic requirements of developed societies.

The article proposes new approaches to prioritizing the close-down of nuclear infrastructure of the State Corporation of Nuclear Power Engineering ‘Rosatom’ according to social and economic potential of such infrastructure location, their possible risks and with due regard to analyzing different variants of industrial site return to economic use. The effectiveness of nuclear heritage elimination can be increased, for example, at the expense of investment capital raising in such cases, when apart from final condition of the site its target condition can be worked out as a result of re-profiling and re-developing. To elaborate variants of the final standing data of 69 sites were collected and systematized. On these sites operation of nuclear and radiation-risky objects was stopped or it will be stopped by 2025. Apart from this a list of 33 sites was prepared, which have not got clear restrictions concerning their return to economic use. Within the frames of this article methodology was worked out and the result of its testing was provided using the examples of possible variants of targeted condition for the pilot site of enterprises of ‘Rosatom’ by applying conventional values to demonstrate calculations of the finance and economic model.

The national program ‘Digital Economy of the Russian Federation’ was elaborated by the decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 7, 2018 and now it is being implemented in 10 principle lines. For instance, possibilities to use artificial intellect to provide sustainable economic development and economic security of business entities and state as a whole are analyzed. The necessity to introduce artificial intellect in the system of risk management at business entities is studied. Changes in the volume of Russian and overseas markets in artificial intellect technologies are estimated. It is underlined that the foundation of developing national economy in current circumstances and providing the adequate level of economic security are formed by transition to neo-industrial model of economy development. In fact, competitive advantages can be obtained by economy, which allows the maximum use of innovation technologies. The authors identify problems hindering the development of artificial intellect technologies in Russia, which can be overcome only on the basis of complex and systematic approach. They point out that artificial intellect technologies can be used in different fields of business entities’ work, as they can eliminate the majority of the so-called system conflicts and contradictions at the expense of specific individual resources.

The shift to sustainable development on the global, national and regional level is still an acute objective of our time. Modernization of physical capital as a key aspect of this transformation is directly connected with innovation activity. The article analyzes the interconnection between basic indicators of physical capital and innovation activity in the Kamchatka territory. With the help of one- and multi-factor functions of influencing the innovation sphere the author identified availability or absence of dependence of innovation activity on factors of physical capital amount, investment volume and wound up financial result. The absence of noticeable link between the investment volume and innovation activity in the region was revealed, which shows the necessity to elaborate and apply extra measures aimed at physical capital modernization. The author put forward a number of tools to stimulate innovation activity in the region, among them organizational and economic, academic and methodological, information and analytical, marketing and customer’s and legal ones. It was shown that shaping the regional system ‘science-educationinnovation’ for the Kamchatka territory could give an opportunity to stimulate and support innovation activity in the region. The obtained results can be used for drawing up documents of strategic and program-targeted character aiming at building an innovation cluster in the region.

Social and economic development of Russian regions is an important component of economic policy of the Russian state. In view of this approach systematic elaboration of innovation mechanisms aiming at the development of highly-technological companies, especially in preferential zones of industrial and manufacturing type plays a profound role in national economy. The goal of the present research is to identify innovation approaches to upgrade strategies of attracting highly-technological companies to preferential zones of the Tula region and on the basis of obtained results to raise competitiveness of the region on home and international market. The key objective of the research is to improve theoretical and methodological support of the process of finding and registering factors and conditions for highly-technological companies’ location in the region on the basis of innovative organizational and economic mechanisms. In the research methods of systematic analysis, elements of process, effective and resource approaches were used, as well as advanced methods of collecting and processing initial information. In the Tula region since 2016 the government of the Russian Federation has initiated setting-up of three preferential zones: OEZ PPT ‘Uzlovaya’, TOR ‘Efremov’ and TOR ‘Alexin’ and the industrial park ‘Uzlovaya’. Thanks to tools of state support on the federal and regional level in the Tula region a unique and economically promising site for attracting highly-technological companies was created by having built highly-qualified new industries, which can provide a serious impulse for social and economic development and higher quality of life in the region.

The process of modernizing economy in the region needs problem-solving dealing with investment raising in order to renew manufacturing technologies, passing over to innovation products. The article underlines the necessity to identify and develop factors of investment appeal and to estimate the degree of their affect on economic indicators of the region. The region appeal for the investor depends on two components: investment appeal of the region itself (in view of completeness and adequacy of investment legislation, legal protection of the investor, regional state policy, etc.) and appeal of investment projects (in view of financial standing of the organization and its efficiency). The author studies the process of investment appeal shaping and proposes steps f or its identification. Initial variables to assess doubtful investment appeal are analyzed, as well as regional threats and microclimate in the region. Findings of the research can help estimate the link between power factors and investment appeal of territorial entities.

Digital transformation of economy both on the macro-level and in view of regional and industry progressing forms one of national targets and aims at raising quality and comfort of life, development of business and competitive environment. The goal of the research is to identify key priorities and challenges of digital development of Russian economy on the regional level and digital opportunities of state governance. The article analyzes the use of digital technologies to manage national economy on the regional level. The author studied works by Russian and overseas researchers in the field of establishing information society, digital economy and digital state governance as the theoretical and methodological base of the research. The author provides materials of international expert and analytical organizations, the Global Economic Forum, the World Bank and national research institutions, the Higher Business School. The research gives an opportunity to find possibilities to implement the concept of e-government in order to improve the quality of state services, life comfort, development of business and competitive environment.

The article contains the opinions of experts of the Department of World Financial Markets and Fintech of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics on the anti-crisis policy of the Russian financial regulator in 2022. The prompt measures taken by the Bank of Russia to stabilize the situation in all segments of the financial market – foreign exchange, credit, stock, exchange, insurance – had concrete positive results both for market participants and for clients of credit and non-credit organizations. The introduced restrictions on currency and payment transactions, measures of financial support for borrowers – small and medium-sized enterprises, individuals, anti-crisis tools of monetary policy, decisions of the regulator on restructuring credit debts of enterprises are considered. Emphasis is placed on regulatory easing for banks in order to mitigate their obligations to the regulator and maintain their resource base during the crisis, as well as structural changes in banks' foreign exchange portfolios in the direction of increasing the share of new currencies of friendly countries. An expert assessment of the key anti-crisis measures of the regulator is given and a number of recommendations are substantiated for adapting the Russian financial market, its subjects, and the regulator to the consequences of sanctions pressure and new challenges for future development.

The article analyzes the impact of taxation on finance result, one of key indicators of estimating the efficiency of business entity work. The author studies the effect of direct and indirect taxes on efficiency of organization work in the context of conventional-variable and conventional-constant costs and the influence of choosing organizational-legal form on the taxation system of business entity. Advantages and drawbacks of the taxation system are shown and the problem of changing the taxation system in certain industries is investigated. The need to optimize taxation as a tool of cutting costs and increasing economic benefits of the entity and its efficiency is substantiated. Key methods of taxation optimization capable of organization efficiency growth by reducing the tax burden are demonstrated. The article shows the impact of taxes on such finance indicators as solvency, liquidity, profitability, business activity and finance stability, which in their turn affect business efficiency. Positive (stimulating) and adverse influence of taxes on business entity functioning in conditions of uncertainty is studied.

The article studies theoretical and practical aspects of the effective tax legislation for agricultural producers. The current situation in agricultural industries is analyzed. Special attention was paid to plant-growing industry, as it has strategic importance for food security providing. Taking into account the fact that plant-growing industry is represented mainly by individual entrepreneurs working in conditions of unstable political and economic circumstances the authors investigate its challenges and prospects during the transition period, when the Donetsk Republic joins the Russian Federation. The authors study consequences of passing from fixed agricultural tax adopted in the Donetsk Republic to the unique agricultural tax in accordance with taxation system of the Russian Federation. On the basis of this analysis recommendations were put forward dealing with tax rate reduction aimed at agricultural workers’ support and restoration of industry.

The article discusses problems of finding the place of crypto currency in the system of finance tools and its legal status in Russia and the world. The author identifies potential threats for crypto currency users and ways of legal regulation of crypto currency transactions. Terms used in the field of crypto currency are analyzed, key types of crypto currencies are shown and their characteristics are provided. Present day concepts of regulating crypto currency market in Russia and the world are presented. As the methodological basis of the article the author uses dialectical, formal-legal, systematic, comparative-legal, structural and functional methods. In the research the author comes to the conclusion about the necessity to establish state control over crypto currency legal status regulation and to ban its potential negative impact on economy. Therefore, it is essential to develop a bill, which can solve problems of regulation and control of crypto currency transactions.

The effective education system based on preliminary independent competence appraisal creates and supports conditions of continuous growth in professionalism of employees and provides involvement of each worker in his/her own professional improvement. The article discusses methodology of working out the program of independent employee appraisal, which includes several successive steps. An important component of the process is shaping the competence model proceeding from the content of professional standards, job profile and professiograms. Professional standards are selected in accordance with the current work of employees and job descriptions. The number of professional standards to devise management model depends on division functions for independent appraisal. On the basis of competence model a bank of tasks and questions is formed. The number of questions and their different complexity give an opportunity to split workers after testing into three or more groups of competence level. Thus, results of independent appraisal help project the employee’s profile and make decision concerning arrangement of training and selecting acute subjects. Preliminary independent appraisal of competence possession can provide efficient training of workers, which fosters the development of staff potential and sustainable functioning of then organization in general.

The article studies current trends in employment on Russian labour market, which arose due to steps taken by the government of the Russian Federation in its struggle against COVID-19 proliferation and drastic sanctions of western countries imposed on Russian economy. The authors carried out theoretical and methodological analysis of monopolistic competition symptoms on Russian labour market. As a result adverse impact of spreading nonstandard and flexible forms of employment on social and labour relations between workers and employers was revealed and the role of digitalization of social and labour relations in view of monopolistic competition on Russian labour market was identified. The authors came to the conclusion about topicality and necessity to implement the concept of raising workers’ competitiveness in elaboration of steps of state and institutional regulation of Russian labour market. Key methodological principles of concept realization, i.e. their complex and systematic character were shown.

Topicality of the research is stipulated by challenges of digitalization in the field of municipal and housing and public facilities, whose rate and effectiveness are seriously affected by regional specific features. The system of professional staff training for sectors of life-support in combination of vocational and higher education shall function with due regard to such specificities. The article includes a brief analysis of dynamics and structure of the population and provision of people with housing facilities, presents combined tables showing results of federal and regional programs concerning the Republic of Kalmykia, gives characteristics of municipal and housing and public facilities, makes conclusions and puts forward author’s recommendations. The goal of the research is to identify specific features of personnel training for the system of municipal and housing and public facilities in the Republic of Kalmykia and the necessity to train professional staff and develop SPO – VO system in view of potential challenges of digital transformation of municipal and housing and public facilities.

The article focuses on the idea that speeding-up of digitalization, growth in virtual dominant and technological burden of production processes require a sufficient number and quality of highly-qualified IT-professionals with an adequate set of knowledge, competences and relevant experience meeting challenges of the new model of development. It is clear that in spite of popularity of IT-specialists and high demand for IT-education today’s Russia faces a serious shortage of IT-specialists of different level of training. The scale of staff deficit in Russian IT-sectors was estimated on the basis of reports by national and overseas analytical agencies. The method of content-analysis helped identify a set of factors with cumulative effect that piled up in previous years: inability of Russian academic education institutions training IT-specialists to meet the requirements of digital sectors; speeding processes of virtualization in pandemic period in Russia that worsened IT-staff balance; outflow and relocation of IT-specialists in conditions of changing geo-political situation and so on. A conclusion was drawn that staff gap in national digital sectors is a medium-term trend, which demands introduction of effective measures that will be able to cover the needs of digital economy in IT-specialists in the period 2023-2030.

The article studies possible alternatives of youth entrepreneurship development in Russia in view of expert opinion. By analyzing empiric and normative material and using national experience three approaches to solving the problem were identified: 1) from the standpoint of socialization and all-round development of young people; 2) from the point of view of Russian-Belorussian experience (enthusiasm for standard guidelines, formal methods of reporting and regional budget co-financing of projects); 3) within the frames of realization of virtual, digital entrepreneurial activity based on universities. In view of author’s opinion concerning youth entrepreneurship development in Russia priorities were fixed. The author showed the demand for setting-up enterprises for concrete industries in the international format (support of project competitions based on effective youth companies with the help of tax policy); changing normative and administrative paradigm in regulator’s behavior on market for the youth (establishing norms and practices as summarizing effects of mass success of real projects but not advance fixing of standards and responsibilities); growing importance of the private sector in the development of youth business (intensifying motivation and interest in social nets and mass media); using mechanisms of venture financing and the role of business-angels on the basis of regional and federal business-leaders; refusal to use universities in the development of youth business. The author also proposed tools of alternative development of entrepreneurship in youth quarters based on private initiatives. Alternative development implies universal changes in promoting projects in Russian society and on markets.

The current social and economic development is typical of the shift to the 6th technological structure, which envisages the use of highly- intellectual, smart innovation and tools of digital technology. Their use in the complicated pandemic period allowed us to continue efficient work and at the same time to find new, promising opportunities to extend business-partnership, promote goods, improve quality of service, raise competitiveness and productivity, cut costs and shape innovation business-models. In general they drastically impact fundamental changes in tactics and strategy of work in all spheres. Today it is impossible to picture any sector of economy without digital technologies. Their efficiency was appreciated by customers, businesspeople and state. Small business is also responsive to innovation and interested in digital technologies, as they can speed up and automate the process. However, in spite of numerous benefits of digital technologies, small entrepreneurship faces different problems. Studying foreign and home experience in small business functioning gave an opportunity to reveal factors hindering the use of digital technologies in practice. Based on the research the author put forward academic and methodological and practical proposals and recommendations fostering efficient use of digital technologies.

Specificity of building the effective target system of knowledge management (SKM) (of the coordination type) implies its interconnection with shaping necessary competences at different level. Building organizational structure at the industrial enterprise shall be based on a set of fundamental principles, including a number of requirements to the sphere of knowledge, organizational projecting, interaction with key groups of stakeholders, etc. The major academic outcome of the article is an integral approach to formulating methodological foundations for devising the system knowledge management based on a set of key principles that should be taken into account t in organizational projecting SKM.

The article focuses on the growing trend of developing the third sector of economy, i.e. non-profit-making organizations (NPMO). State makes a serious contribution to it, as it made a strategic decision concerning the priority of developing non-profit-making organizations, which was included in the constitutional reform of 2020. However, apart from state support it is necessary to mention a growing activity of civil society that participates in the life of our country more and more vigorously, including through help to NPMO. State support both in ideological and financial aspects (through grants), attention on the part of people place a considerable share of responsibility on NPMO, therefore these organizations need maximum transparency and efficiency in their work. In view of this an important task is to estimate efficiency of NPMO functioning. The author demonstrates three approaches to estimating efficiency of NPMO and provides formulas of calculations and examples of use. These approaches can help evaluate efficiency on the level of one organization and at the same time give information for making comparisons in a certain territory, for instance, area or region. It should be underlined that estimating work efficiency is an important factor of competitiveness in the struggle for resources, for example for state financing. Besides, information about work efficiency could raise the level of confidence of society, which in its turn acts as a source of reserves for NPMO. Another important reason in favor of the necessity to estimate efficiency is employees’ and volunteers’ motivation. It is essential for NPMO employees to get emotional satisfaction from their work as very often material reward can be relative, thus the role of moral and emotional satisfaction is very high. Realizing the efficiency of the work is a source of inspiration and motivation for people of helping occupation. The formal appraisal of organization grant-providers’ work fixed in the form of accounting by results of using grants is insufficient both for employees of non-profit-making organizations and for the public because it is only the approval of legally correct ground for using money. Special attention in the article is paid to concrete lines in everyday work of NPMO in order to raise efficiency of their work and to establish the level of confidence on the part of people involved in NPMO work.

The article reveals key aspects of managing secondary resources in closed cycle economy, whose ideology implies zero-waste manufacturing and careful attitude to the environment in accordance with the concept of sustainable development being implemented in conditions of permanent institutional restructuring. Today when the model of manufacturing arrangement is linear, the impact on nature is not taken into account adequately: ecologically unstable resources are used, waste is utilized and damage is not evaluated in a proper way. Joining the closed cycle economy presupposes thorough selection of raw materials, whose waste can be recycled and repeatedly used in production process (as a renewable energy). In altered conditions of implementing business-processes a new approach to managing secondary resources will be needed. Special attention will be paid to information-analytical and engineering – technological support. Economic expediency of using secondary resources was shown on practical examples, it is necessary to extend financial opportunities for business entities through well-balanced managerial solutions. The experience of best practices demonstrates that advanced innovation developments rely on max proved consumption of resources, which envisages repeated use of waste that could raise profitability of business and prevent unfavorable ecological impact on the environment.

Digital transformation taking place in all sphere of human life quickly changes the approach to fixing marketing communications, as specific weigh of off-line marketing communications decreases from year to year. In view of the fact that banking sector is an engine of digital and technological solutions, banks can adapt to needs of today’s clients shaped in conditions of digital transformation. Analysis of academic investigations dealing with introduction of banking products and services of e-commerce, advanced digital technologies, internet-banking and mobile banking into market shows that these elements have not been thoroughly studied but at the same time they are needed and interesting for clients. The article identifies transformation landmarks of banking marketing development depending on globalization reforms in economy. Evolution analysis of today’s concept, i. e. digital marketing was carried out and high dynamics of developing information technologies on banking service market was revealed.