Topicality of the document prepared by the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation -the Forecast of the Social and Economic Development of the Russian Federation up to 2024 (hereafter referred to as the MED Forecast) implies both estimation of principle factors, which can affect the development of economy in the country within the set period and at the same time demonstration of the potential effect of steps planned by the government. The article shows that it is the draft of the forecast and of the strategy of the country development. The authors think that the document shall be reviewed as a proposal, where key factors of economy will be budget rule execution, i.e. fixing long-term restrictions on budget policy indicators; investment in the fixed capital attended by certain measures of the government aimed at creating conditions for their growth; monetary and credit policy providing economic development stability; pension reform connected with the supposed improvement on labour market. Methodological foundation of the research was formed by a number of academic methods, such as observation and collection of facts, modeling, analysis and synthesis, system approach, induction and deduction, historic and logical methods. It is a combination of modes that are used for comprehensive characteristic of phenomenon and process development through digital data. Nature of set tasks determined the necessity to apply such method as the archive search and the comparative method.

The study continues the study of the fundamental characteristics of models of viable systems conducted by the authors. The current issues of construction, reorganization and preservation of the life-incapable structure of a higher educational institution - university U, representing a recursive active subsystem of the educational environment, which is part of the universe-society, are considered. The formalized definitions of an absolutely viable, viable, conditionally viable and non-viable system are given, allowing from a mathematical point of view to assess the optimality of the structure and the efficiency of the system functioning. The analysis of the structure and functioning of a viable university is implemented in the conceptual framework of foresight design based on logframe technologies, which makes it possible to create a system that meets the strategic goals of the universe and the tactical settings of the educational environment. In the process of describing logframe methods based on the foresight approach, real risk situations arising in the modern education system, the university environment and higher educational institutions due to economic, social, managerial and psychological factors of the impact of external and internal environments of recursive active systems are significantly taken into account. The presented conceptual schemes allow us to take into account not only the structural features of the educational organization, but also the psychosocial situation in the team, which determines the stimulating and motivational aspects of personnel management. Examples of higher educational institutions are given, whose structures and training procedures have effectively met and continue to meet the needs and goals of the universe for several successive technological structures, remaining advanced educational and scientific-educational systems of the world level. A brief overview of research and practices in the presented field of knowledge is given, based on the approaches and methods of teaching, scientific and teaching experience of the authors. The presented material is useful for the process of formalization of conceptual aspects of the theory of viable systems, classification of risk situations in the educational process, adaptation of foresight and logframe technologies to the practice of diagnosing and designing effective educational structures that meet the modern socio-economic requirements of technological structures of developed societies.

By methods of analysis and synthesis the article studies the problem of developing closed cycle economy in the field of hard communal waste treatment (HCW). Dynamics of waste making up was analyzed and its physical and mechanic properties and chemical composition were provided. The article gives economic tools, functions and classification of these tools that are necessary to organize the process approach to management. The authors put forward a promising scheme of treating HCW built on the basis of European experience and worked out the acute functional-structural scheme of the treatment system by the HCW complex, which demonstrates key business processes and tools of management. Such complex approach to describing the system of HCW treatment can simplify digital modeling of multi-variant business processes, such as burial of waste at waste-grounds, utilization at waste-burning plants, sorting and recycling at waste-recycling enterprises. Digital modeling with successful automated functional and cost analysis can give an opportunity to decrease uncertainty in the field of economic efficiency of managerial decision-making for rational HCW treatment and development of closed cycle economy in this sphere. A correct choice of approaches to the development of closed cycle economy in the field of HCW treatment can reduce the load on nature and support health of people.

COVID-19 pandemic drastically changed life of people all over the world. The economic situation has become unique in new history. When restrictive measures were introduced economy in the majority of countries functioned according to the temporary economic model. The article studies key economic figures characterizing the economic situation during the first wave of the pandemic, as well as changes in customer behavior of people connected with restrictive measures. The author supports the opinion of some researchers that leaders of many states should pay serious attention to the development of economy of disasters, as COVID-19 pandemic is a real disaster. In this connection the most important aspects of state policy should include: provision of the overall country security and safe life in the critical situation, the development of international public health services and information systems based on network on-line platforms, industry 4.0 and artificial intellect. Proposals were put forward aimed at designing the complex concept of economy of disasters, which shall be developed on the basis of advanced achievements in the fields linked with providing safe life of people. According to the author this concept should be ratified by heads of leading states of the world. Conclusions concerning prospects of developing global economy after COVID-19 pandemic were drawn.

In conditions of limited finance resources building optimum finance structure of capital is considered the most important objective, as the availability of the necessary amount of own funds can provide finance sustainability of the organization, the potential to meet timely liabilities to creditors, finance and develop new lines of work. However, any resources (both borrowed and own) have value, as they can be invested into the profitable investment project. It is obvious that the finance structure of capital can influence indirectly the level of organization profit, as in other expenses interest costs or interests payable are shown. Therefore, it is necessary to build such a correlation of own and borrowed sources, which can provide the max profit for the enterprise. As tools for building such a correlation the article proposes methods of mathematic modeling and, namely, the correlation analysis to find the interconnection between the dependent variable, i.e. work profitability and different factors - a share of own and borrowed funds. On the basis of this interconnection regression equation was built, which allows us to find out how the amount of net profit changes with a certain correlation of own and borrowed resources. The analysis was carried out based on published finance reports of the limited company ‘Gazprom Bureniye'.

The article provides the analysis of current finance mechanisms of developing power systems in the context of acute necessity to start a new investment cycle. It draws a conclusion that state policy in the field of power engineering cannot foster the development of such mechanisms of its financing as state subsidies on purchase and installation of equipment, contracts on buying electricity and power-service contracts. The analysis of extra opportunities of raising investment showed expediency of developing green mechanisms of financing power engineering in Russia and motivating power companies to conduct IPO. The authors put forward recommendations aimed at attaining the acute objective to develop and implement key initiatives promoting the start of a new investment cycle in order to raise funds for modernizing the existing power projects and opening new ones in accordance with higher ecological requirements. For example, to stimulate the growth of Russian companies' IPO and realize the investment potential of the Russian stock market the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Economic Development study the possibility to introduce new tax preferences for investors and companies entering the market, which could ensure institutional support for investors and issuers.

Responsible financing has ceased to act as a narrow niche of finance market and today it involves more and more responsible finance institutions and companies interested in access to responsible finance tools. The basic condition for responsible financing implies availability of full trustworthy information about non-financial figures of the potential project for investment. Thus non-financial accounting has become an integral element of the responsible financing development in the world. The authors analyze key effective international tools on responsible financing and revealing non-financial information. They give characteristics of stages in shaping the institution of responsible financing. Apart from that they study regulation of responsible financing and non-financial accounting in the EU and Russian law. Today on international finance market we can observe a considerable demand both for developing systems of non-finance accounting standards and harmonization of draft standards, as all accounting standard systems use one and the same notions. The article investigates as an example a recent initiative of MSFO concerning setting-up the Council on sustainability standards. However, we should state the absence of the standard concerning revealing non-finance information by companies in Russia. Proposals were put forward about the development of responsible financing in Russia by making-up legislation in this field.

Today's market relations are constantly changing, thus it is difficult for enterprises to retain appeal of the industry taken by them. Winning new markets is a priority for many of them. In this circumstances correctly planned and organized diversification process can foster productivity of company work and its divisions. The key goals of production diversification are the following: to cut market risks, to improve enterprise sustainability and to upgrade efficiency figures. To attain this it is necessary to enter new markets and enlarge product range of goods with high added value, which could raise profitability. The article studies notions, advantages, motives, types of diversification and shows different ways of developing diversification strategy for integrated business structures. The author researched key forms of developing diversification strategy for integrated business structures.

Currently, the market is crowded with commercial enterprises, which makes it necessary to maintain the competitiveness of modern companies. One of the effective ways to support its functioning in the market and successful further development is the development and implementation of innovative projects. At the same time, when managing innovative projects, developers face various risks that should be minimized in a timely manner. Risk reduction is a rather complex process, as there is a high level of uncertainty inherent in innovative projects. Therefore, in order to minimize the risks of innovative projects, it is important to choose the best quality methods and tools that will form an effective risk reduction mechanism as a result. This article presents the concepts of innovation project, risk management and risk reduction mechanism. Methods and tools for reducing the risks of innovative projects are considered, the main types of risk minimization mechanisms are identified. In addition, the author conducted an analysis of innovative projects of the Russian retail chains "Magnit" and "X5 Retail Group", identified the main mechanisms for reducing the risks of innovative projects and programs used in these retail chains.

The article studies the potential of introducing systems of the situational center in order to build a system providing safe life in the real range of time and effective management of production and organization processes within the frames of the concept of shifting to industry 4.0. On the basis of research findings today's enterprises and organizations should form strategy of their development with due regard to the necessity to digitalize the man. The key goals of this process are monitoring of employees' vital functions, extrapolation and modeling of substandard situations and visualization of generalized information in a suitable format in the range of real time. By analyzing the condition and problems of enterprise digitalization the authors systematized key factors, which should be taken into account for building the advanced system of providing labour safety in the range of real time, proposed the automated management system of providing labour safety based on the system of the situational center and the procedure of developing strategy of enterprise digitalization with regard to HR digitalization, which includes introduction of the system of situational center. By using situational center the modulus for modeling and visualization of ‘digital shadow' was worked out to monitor vital functions of enterprise employees.

The article estimates the impact of subjective perception of labour, medical and psychological factors on self-assessment of health by the population of Russian regions. The topicality of the subject is stipulated by rather low figures of expected healthy life span by regions plotted on the share of the population that assess their health as poor and very poor. Possibility to improve this indicator is being worked at within the frames of national projects. However, factors of high enough differentiation of values of health self-assessment by people of different regions have not been studied yet. With the help of multi-factor linear regression two stages of research were completed: for all regions and separately for groups of RF entities with dependent variables higher and lower than medial values. As a result it was found out that factors of subjective estimation of working conditions were the most significant for health assessment ‘very good'. Psychological well-being of women correlates with all assessments, while that of men is not statistically valuable. For groups of assessment ‘good' of lower than medial value and ‘satisfactory' of higher than medial value the factor impact was not identified. Regions of lower than medial value by the assessment ‘satisfactory' are subject to subjective assessment of the medical service quality, availability of chronic illnesses and working conditions. For RF entities with higher than medial value assessments ‘poor' and ‘very poor' only psychological well-being of women was statistically valuable. A detailed analysis by fixed norms was done for the city of Sevastopol. Results of modeling can act as auxiliary sources for developing the most effective for the given region strategy aimed at improving health of people and its self-assessment.

Every university graduate faces a problem of employment. A young specialist without work experience can hardly find a job by his/her specialization, which would allow them not only to use the acquired knowledge but also to get an adequate estimation of their efforts. Today Russian universities adopt the overseas experience in career promotion by helping graduates in their career planning, as today's higher education institutions in Russia are extremely interested in graduate's career development and at the same time in successful functioning of the university in general. The article grounds the necessity to set up Employment and Career Centers at universities, whose organizational and economic characteristics and trends of development can give an opportunity to accumulate and allocate the best practices of graduates' career planning and technical and technological support of interaction with business partners for different categories of graduates. Here a young specialist can find consultations of career experts, help in compiling a competitive CV and assistance in searching for a suitable vacancy. At the same time the Employment and Career Center at the university can carry out an important function of informing university employees about the necessity and importance of graduates' career planning and stimulating graduates' interest in self-organization and professional self-development.

Textile industry is one of the leading and dynamically developing industries in Uzbekistan. It plays a significant role in resolving state problems, meets essential interests of many regions, fosters their harmonic development, provides the population employment and improves people well-being and renders help in establishment and development of small and private business. The most important trend in using internal reserves and possibilities of the country is gradual increase in deep treatment of home raw material and raising volumes and nomenclature of products with high added value. For the last 29 years the industry has become a leader in raising foreign investment and in the field of export of products with high added value. In spite of the fact that textile manufacturing is traditional for Uzbekistan, it still possesses a serious potential for further growth. The country's large raw material base, labour intensity of light industry sectors, the availability of a rather mass market in adjoining states make the development of textile and clothing industry a potential driver of economic growth in Uzbekistan. The use of this potential and shaping a stable textile and clothing sector in the country is a priority line in the development of national economy. Small enterprises play a serious role in textile industry development. The authors carried out SWOT-analysis, which is a key tool of finding competitiveness, of small enterprises in the country. By this method they identified strong and weak sides, opportunities and threats of their functioning, which can help to elaborate innovative strategy of development.

Business-ecosystem is a rather new organizational form of interaction on market between customer and producer, which is used widely today by business-organizations of different organization and legal forms and types of economic activity. The article provides the analysis of business-ecosystems in view of the theory of transaction costs. The terms ‘ecosystem' was initially proposed to describe the environment of mutual existence of different biological beings. Later it was used for depicting the environment of business-organization. In this environment various antipodes exist and interact. At first sight they should avoid collaboration with each other, but in fact mutual coexistence intensifies every participant and fosters their development, therefore, they shall find forms and means of co-existence. In spite of the fact that business-ecosystem is a rather new trend in research in the field of economy and management, certain approaches to research and classification of the phenomenon have been created. The author in view of neo-institutional theory proves that business-ecosystem meets all classical canons, therefore it functions as a classical business-organization with similar goals and relevant tools.

At the current stage of the new technological structure development, when nano-technologies, artificial intellect and biotechnical objects are progressing very fast the system of technical maintenance and repair-technical service has become an important element in the process of these project functioning. This field of technical service has a lot of lines of application: repair and technical agro-service, automobile technical service, carriage technical service, repair and technical service in municipal utilities, etc. Depending on lines of production and rendering services fixed factors are in operation, which influence on objects on micro-, mezzo- and macro-levels. Today's situation connected with the pandemic makes this topic even more acute, when sustainability of enterprises of technical service is tested by the dropping level of these services. Thus it is important to develop a universal methodology of estimating organization competitiveness that can allow us to study the level of functioning of such enterprises from common methodological positions. The article gives the author's definition of the term ‘repair and technical service', explains the idea of competitiveness, puts forward a universal methodology of estimating competitiveness of the enterprise of the sphere of repair and technical service, which gives an opportunity in today's conditions to identify the level of competitive sustainability of the given enterprise and on this basis to find the place of the enterprise on the market and in case of the low level of sustainability - to plot a plan of resolving the problem. The research findings can be useful for executives of enterprises of technical service in order to find their sustainability in current conditions on concrete market of rendering services and to develop a long-term strategy of enterprise progressing.

Structure and function as two system-building factors that affect each other. Their mutual conformity is a guarantee of the system efficient functioning. At certain time this conformity can be broken and it will impact adversely the organization work. As a result it will be necessary either to revise the function (mission) of the enterprise or to restructure it. According to the theory of business systems, the contribution of each division to the system function realization can be estimated through modeling economic responsibility, which should, in theory, correspond to employees' remuneration. The given logic underlies COMPAS methodology, whose version was elaborated by the authors and used in the article. This methodology was tested at the Research Center of Pharmacotherapy. The findings of the research allowed the authors to put forward the current and strategic solution to the problem of unbalanced economic responsibility and personnel remuneration. In the short run in order to reduce the general manager's load it is possible to pass some of his/her tasks to subordinates and in the long run it is recommended to change the structure of enterprise management and revise the distribution of economic responsibility and remuneration in divisions.

Competitiveness of mining enterprises is determined, mainly by their productivity and operation superiority. Digitalization becomes a decisive factor, which can provide an opportunity to companies of this sphere to remain competitive in the future. In mining industry passing-over to new, advanced methods of work usually happens more slowly due to the scale and complexity of production processes and considerable costs necessary for re-equipment. That is why certain enterprises of this field use digital technologies without enthusiasm. However, the leading mining companies in the world invest vast funds in development of advanced technologies in power engineering and automation in order to increase mining and ecological efficiency, to cut the volume of hand labour, costs and power expenses. It is obvious that digital technologies can give new opportunities for serious rise in productivity and profit. The article studies key lines in digital transformation at mining enterprises, demonstrates basic advantages and potential threats. The authors analyze both foreign and Russian examples of effective digitalization at enterprises of this sphere.

The article advances the idea about a drop in people interest in buying similar goods and services, especially in conditions of uncertainty, in particular corona-virus epidemic, when people care less about external things, such as their clothes for visiting public places. Today we observe the necessity in meeting aesthetic needs through different tools and artistic objects. Therefore, we can say that it is a certain return to those times, when in public places and even in the Underground you can see real works of art that were not made in a hurry, according to the principle ‘the cheaper the better', but those of full value. In spring 2021 we conducted a survey of students of the Russian Plekhanov University of Economics and the Arts College RGGU to find the role of the aesthetic (emotional, sensual) element - the art-object (in this case - a poster) - in conditions of uncertainty, i. e. COVID-19 epidemic. The findings of this research showed that aesthetic value of graphics takes a foreground, it should be connected with specialization of the trade enterprise, its historic and other factors. The author demonstrates that availability of aesthetic values can form a motivating platform for repeated visits to the store and thus shape its competitive advantage.

The article investigates history of establishment and development of start-up unicorn-companies with capitalization over $ 1bn. The authors analyzed key types of unicorn-companies (unicorns, decacorns quinquagintacorns, gectacorns), identified their principle characteristics, showed criteria and factors of their success. The role of venture funds was studied, as they are major investors into promising business-projects. The article described trends of the 1-st half of 2020, the time of state restrictions and pandemic, such as distant work, IT entertainments, could services, on-line delivery, marketplaces, drop in business activity, which require clients' presence. It also showed the process of business-projects' passing from start-ups to companies with high capitalization. The authors pointed out that to create a successful company with capitalization of $ 1bn you do not need any special conditions, but there is certain logic concerning how the start-up can become unicorn-company. Basic points of this logic were provided. The authors substantiated the necessity of venture fund promotion among entrepreneurs and investors in order to speed up the start of start-ups and development of business-projects to the level of big companies.