The article studies alternatives of regulating the state of demographic reproduction as a goal of assessing the necessary changes in annual levels of the age birth and death rates providing the growth in the process indicators that characterize the change from depopulation in Russia to sustainable rise in the country population. It provides indicators of the population reproduction state, i.e. the top and standardized rates of its growth, which show the objective state of the process in each year. Methods of these indicators’ estimation were studied on the basis of age factors of natural movement and analytical expressions connecting these indicators’ values were obtained.

The authors elaborated methods aimed at regulation of the top growth rate based on methodology of the theory of linear operator disturbances and standardized growth rate by using possible variants of standardized population structures. They estimated and compared values of the top and standardized population growth rates in Russia in certain years of the 21st century and found their differences. The key indicators of the natural population movement, i. e. the factor of the birth rate of women at the age of 25–39 were shown as they are mainly subject to regulation and can influence volatility of indicators of the demographic reproduction state. The necessary growth in these factors was evaluated, which ensures the passing of these indicators over the single border that separates states of depopulation and extended population reproduction. The article explains the differences in resolving this problem for indicators shown in the article.

The article provides models and forecasts built on their basis dealing with population reproduction in the Russian Federation up to 2050 with due regard to changes in demographic behavior during COVID-19 pandemic. Three scenarios of demographic behavior are studied: optimistic, realistic and pessimistic. Possible changes in age and gender structure of the population were analyzed and a conclusion was drawn that the principle population growth up to 2050 will be achieved at the expense of labour migration, mainly from CIS countries. Prospects of the DemProg of the ‘Spectrum’ system for implementing forecasts in the field of population with regard to interaction between demographic behavior indicators and impact of social and demographic policy steps were demonstrated.

The author put forward a model of population reproduction that took into account the excess death rate due to COVID-19.

The article shows differences of presented models from models used in exact science. It analyzes the reasons why for mathematic models of economic and social systems we cannot reach the quantitative correlation of modeling results with indicators of real processes. The article discusses the qualitative identity of non-linear effects in mathematic models and real processes in natural scientific, economic and social systems. Irremovable uncertainty of economic and social system behavior and connected with this uncertainty chaotic component were shown as an integral feature of complicated system evolution. For simple natural scientific systems chaotic behavior is only one of possible forms of the dynamic process in line with determined behavior. For complicated systems a chaotic component is dominating. The author explains the impossibility and inefficiency of detailing and formalizing of economic and social system functioning above a certain level. The impact of initial data quality on results of modeling systems with different level of complexity was shown. The author proposes to use the concept of the strange attractor for substantiating the depth of planning and reporting in economic and social systems. Issues of self-organization and depth of forecasting for complicated system are studied. This information is considered to be a tool for managing economic and social systems. Promising variants of developing mathematic modeling in economic and social systems are analyzed.

The emergence of risks of different nature and growing uncertainty in the tourist sphere require revision of the decision-making process. A serious role in raising the quality of decision-making is given to economic cybernetics and in particular, to its section called the theory of games, whose methods and models are used more and more widely. Within the frames of the article specific features of economic situation description were studied that need game modeling, the game model of the principle level was built, which gives an opportunity to compare different strategies of decision-makers, who develop tourist products with regard to seasons and possible distribution of demand. Results of implementing different criteria of analyzing the game with nature allow us to come to the conclusion about a high sensitivity of optimum strategy to the information situation of decision-making, which makes the goal of its extra research more and more topical. The proposed scheme of bringing the task of choosing the optimum strategy aimed at providing the tourist product to the game model can be useful for resolving a lot of applied problems arising in the tourist field, including conditions of continuous pandemic restrictions and declining the travel flow. The scheme includes plotting numerous strategies of the hotel manager that take into account the available resources, identification of natural circumstances and appraisal of their implementation possibility, estimation of profit chances, which can be obtained from selling tourist product in different conditions. The author pays special attention to the necessity to develop model notions of students at economics universities by introducing applied theoretical and game models in professional training.

The article studies the macro-economic theory of economic growth Solow in complicated case, when technical progress is materialized in capital. In this situation the production function depends on effective capital and labour resource. The authors research in detail the efficiency of capital. As a rule differential equation of balance for the capital is deduced on the basis of the principle economic identity: profit, i. e. output of industrial products is equal to the sum total of consumption and investment. On the basis of ordinary differential equation of balance for the capital it is possible to obtain the ordinary differential equation for capital-labour ratio. The rates of capital efficiency growth, labour reserve, norms of accumulation and rates of capital amortization are set exogenously. The research shows that this equation differs seriously from similar ordinary differential equation for capital-labour ratio in case technical progress is materialized in labour.

In conditions of current economic difficulties in the Russian Federation the process of individuals’ crediting is still one of the most important lines in supporting and developing the bank sector in the country. Individuals’ crediting is a type of bank crediting, which stipulates cash provision on the loan basis to the population in order to satisfy people’s different needs: purchase of consumer goods, payment of services, buying cars, construction or purchase of housing and real estate of customer purpose. Individuals’ crediting has a multi-purpose character, which results in availability of its different types. For the last decade consumer crediting has shown a serious growth, however the present situation can drastically change. The article provides findings of the research dealing with the process of individuals’ crediting in the Russian Federation and shows analytical materials dated 2010–2020. The author conducted the dynamic analysis of individuals’ crediting, studied information about loan applications and their approvals of potential borrowers, including wage clients, banks and demonstrated a share of borrowers’ credits in certain banks. The author also provided the results of forecasted volumes of credits to individuals up to 2024 by the trend equation with using possibilities of applied programs Statistica 8.0 package.

The article studies problems of civilization development, which implies the conflict of interests of business proprietors, big multinational corporations and society urge towards sustainable development. The UN goals of sustainable development include environment protection, improving wellbeing of countries and overcoming poverty. Multinational corporations and regional enterprises stick to principles of corporate social responsibility, which partially comply with goals of sustainable development, but orient towards support of business proprietors’ wellbeing. Trends in global economy show that some multinationals by the level of their profits surpass the majority of countries. Thus, economic giants can render serious impact on state policy of the region, environmental situation and population prosperity. But companies and proprietors are interested only in allocating resources to developing countries, which prevents them from working for the goals of sustainable development. According to UN reports, confrontation and conflict between capital and society resulted in slow and complicated realization of goals of sustainable development. The author put forward a number of steps aimed at elimination of misbalance towards predominance of goals of sustainable development.

The article discusses in detail travel preferences and identifies characteristics of family groups. The methodological basis of the research is formed by empiric methods in the form of arranging and processing the formalized interview with closed questions. Sample survey was conducted on the territory of Sevastopol in July 2019 and 2020. Methodology of the research is based on studying families with children and tourists arriving to relatives and friends as key types of family travel groups. Families with children make up 42% of the tourist flow and 37% of the volume of one-day visitors; tourists coming to relatives and friend – 43% of the tourist flow. According to findings of the research family travel groups possess an individual profile, which is shown in somewhat different structure of cultural events, preferences in accommodation, geography and transportation. Such groups are mainly influenced by force-majeure circumstances therefore COVID-19 pandemic cut the share of these tourists on the territory of Sevastopol. In summer 2019 the duration of family group rest lasted, on average, 9.7 days and expense volume on the territory of Sevastopol made up 88 029 rubles, in 2020 the duration dropped to 9.4 days, however expenses reduced to 67 053 rubles. At the same time expenses of tourists without children dropped by 1 062 rubles. Social and economic contribution of family travel groups fosters the development of a wider set of industries in regional economy.

The article studies the acute problems of social and economic development of the region, which affect the tourist sector and identifies causes of rising demand for internal travel. Niche types of tourism were researched. The author elaborated classification of resources necessary for rare types of travel and formulated key criteria required for their ranging. This classification includes all types of resources in view of their origin. The article investigates principle trends of rare types of tourism, puts forward the definition ‘dark types of tourism’, gives a list of resources included in this category and reveals aspects that have negative impact on resource potential of the territory. A list of objects was provided, whose inclusion in the program of traditional tours can raise competitiveness of new routes on travel service market and can become a key section of the excursion program oriented only to rare types of tourism. Vast resource potential of the country in general and the Arkhangelsk region, in particular, diversity of their natural and anthropogenic objects, unique phenomena gave an opportunity to the author to write that in case of skilled and efficient regional management deterrents for the development of rare types of tourism can be eliminated.

At the current stage the provision of sustainable and balanced development is considered as the most important strategic priority of Russia in the medium-range and long-range prospects. The discussion concerning relationship between processes of polarization and evening up of social and economic development of regions is going on. Innovation vector fixed in documents of state strategic planning stipulates a new vision of economic processes and requires elaboration of an effective mechanism for upgrading the spatial structure of national economy. In these conditions the research demand for laws of spatial development, continuity and non-contradictoriness of fundamental concepts and new approaches in spatial economics becomes more and more acute. The article provides a review of foreign and home research dealing with theoretical and applied issues of spatial organization of economic activity. Classic and neo-classic theories of overseas academic schools in view of their essence and novelty are studied and advanced theories and models of spatial development are systematized. The author addresses to the academic stock and to advanced fundamental and empiric research carried out by Russian academic schools of spatial economics, such as Moscow, St. Petersburg, Siberia, Far East and Urals. The author’s wording of the definition ‘spatial localization’ is proposed in the context of complimentary spatial object interaction (authors, production systems, administrative and territorial units). A conclusion was drawn about the necessity of integral approach to methodology of spatial economics taking into account dissipation and inequality of today’s economic systems.

According to traditional motivation methodology companies are considered successful in case they stimulate personnel for new organizational achievements and at the same time they do not have high staff turnover and optimize costs. B. Skinner, the founder of the concept of operant conditionality thought that there were only two tools that can cause modification of employee behavior, i.e. support and punishment. However, empiric research of company practice based on case-analysis show that the level of employee efforts aimed at production figures cannot always correspond to the level of reward both tangible and intangible. In B. Skinner’s concept there is a certain noncomprehended field, which requires additional study. The article came to the conclusion that there is not always a direct dependence between indicators of employee efforts and the level of reward, moreover game practices (gamification) are used in companies, where this correlation is not evident. The authors analyzed a number of today’s organizations in the context of introducing gamification tools to stimulate the efficient work of personnel with regard to cost optimization. Findings of the research can be used for further critical revision of traditional motivation methods in times of global digitalization and management transformation.

The necessity of state regulation in economy is explained by objective possibilities to prevent and smooth out adverse characteristics of economic laws, relationships between participants, macro- and micro- economic and geopolitical factors. At the current stage of development state acts not only as a regulator, but also as an equal active participant of social and economic processes, which implies realization of state dirigism. Through regulation mechanism state exerts accurate and composite impact on economy ensuring its sustainable development. The goal of the research is to shape lines in state regulation of the electric power complex in order to eliminate disproportions in social and economic development. The subject of the research includes economic relations arising in the process of state impact on economic processes in the electric power complex. The research is based on academic and specific methods of studying objective reality. During the research the authors used information of the Federal Antitrust Service, the Federal Service of State Statistics, materials of global independent analytical agencies and informational portals. The authors identified key lines in state regulation and development of competitive relations in the field of electric power engineering. The obtained findings can be used to shape well-balanced risk-oriented policy of state regulation that takes into account all risks of economic development.

The effective federal laws in the field of state, municipal and corporate purchasing remove the focus of activity regulation in this sphere to the moment of public sale organization. At the same time the fact of contract conclusion with a contractor cannot guarantee the high quality of contract fulfillment, especially, it we do not speak about product delivery but mean projects of rendering various services, conducting jobs extended in time and rather resource-intensive. The authors show two phases of the process: purchase initiation and its realization and demonstrate the need of their integration, as well the theoretical foundation of the necessity to organize control on the part of the customer during purchase realization. The gap between managing and managed systems in the process of purchase makes the key contradiction, which requires control over purchase realization by the customer. The purchase classification made by the authors by the criterion of content (nature) of the goal can give the executor management an opportunity to choose the most relevant type of process management, to provide for possible risks, to calculate labour costs, which could foster effective interaction with the customer and timely and high-quality fulfillment of the contract.

The cognitive map provides an integral idea of complicated economic situation. The article proposes to identify cognitive map concepts not on the basis of experts’ reports, as it is usually done, but on the basis of thematic modeling methods – a fast developing line in statistic text analysis. It will give an opportunity to increase confidence in forecasts made on the basis of cognitive modeling methods. For each year (from 2016 to 2020) a model of similarity of subjects found in the sphere of strategic management was plotted on the basis of key publications in ScienceDirect for this period, which allowed to find key topics by years through using measures of centrality based on own vector. The author identified semantic structures of academic publications and key topics that excited scientific community in the field of strategic management from 2016 to 2020 and their dynamics, which is considered an important step towards automated plotting of the cognitive map being a tool of analyzing and forecasting the condition of complicated systems.

The need in high-quality education has always been and now is acute for learners and their parents all over the world. Only the most advanced methods, methodology and practices can enable teachers to cover completely the subject field and develop skills of analytical and critical thinking of the digital generation or generation Z, as we call people born after 2000. The situation formed by COVID-19 pandemic changes traditional foundations of life, business, education in the world. In March 2020 the majority of educational institutions were forced to change to distance learning. A lot of conventional forms of teaching underwent serious changes. Not only the process of teaching was altered, but the system of teacher – learner interaction was modified. Pandemic and restrictions imposed by it differ from country to country. Special attention is paid to distance forms using multimedia technologies. Today digital projects of distance learning integrated in the classic system of education are being developed. The author showed that difficulties arising with teaching high-school learners and university students point to the necessity to focus teachers’ attention on digital generation.

The article studies the problem of calculating the cost of business-processes of treating solid municipal waste (SMW) in conditions of shaping closed-cycle economy. A new methodology includes into the cost of business-processes of SMW treatment such elements as the cost of ecological damage and a profitable component of some businessprocesses, which are connected with output of secondary products and power of SMW recycling. The proposed methodology can be used in digital business-analysis for modeling business-processes, as it is actually a development of the well-known function and value analysis of business-processes, which is applied in advanced systems of modeling and managing business-processes. The author explained the use of this methodology in developing digital territorial scheme of SMW treatment in Domodedovo airport and grounded the necessity to increase the share of separate waste accumulation and its treatment in view of developing economy of the closed cycle. This methodology can also be used for substantiation of the correct making-up of payment documents for SMW removal.

The article tries to summarize today’s theoretical and methodological approaches to upgrading the process of working asset management with special stress on description of the finance management systems at production corporations in the Russian Federation. The author used results of academic developments by experts in the field of finance management and adjoining subjects, such as analysis of economic activity, business-planning, accounting, investment management, HR management, stock-taking and control, finance and credit and economic analysis. After studying academic works by present days’ authors the outcome of developing modified methodology for working asset management was presented. The author identified 7 stages starting with stock rationalization and finishing with development and implementation of recommendations aimed at sales increase. The article described types of working asset finance sources in companies and provides methodology of ranging systems of stimulating immobilized funds.

The article reveals the essential aspects of ecological orientation of business illustrated by Russian companies. Open data of consulting groups and their finance accounting are investigated in order to comprehend goals of sustainable development in view of ESG concept. Adequate works on ecological orientation of business are also analyzed. The goal of the research is to analyze ecological practices of some Russian companies and to assess their work from the point of view of ecological and investment appeal. To attain the goal it is necessary to tackle the following tasks: 1. To study theoretical aspects of business eco-concept through revealing key global trends. 2. To analyze open report data of some Russian companies, which is needed to understand their contribution to ecological development. 3. To assess ecological steps of companies in view of their investment appeal. The authors researched the impact of ESG factors on business-environment illustrated by retail sale and raw material industry. Dependence of pricing of goods offered by retail sale on funds invested into environment protection was estimated. At the enterprise of raw material industry the absence of dependence of ecological costs on the amount of any emissions during the last 5 years was found with the help of annual reports on financial results. The authors connect the research with promising trends of advanced management development. This concept has been intensively developed during the last 2–3 years, thus a wide field of its application can be forecasted.

For Russian companies, the majority of which only recently have approached philosophy of marketing, the research of customer behavior manipulation is becoming objectively necessary, as it can provide successful functioning in conditions of changing market, including changes caused by the pandemic. Today the theory of customer behavior manipulation is a theory of management that requires new approaches and that influences and regulates the format, possibilities and scales of goods and service consumption. The author investigates manipulation as a form of communication with customer, as an act of interaction and contact with him/her, including a set of methods allowing to impel the customer to buy at the moment of uncertainty expressed in hesitation and questionable choice. The article pays special attention to the most important and effective methods of influencing patterns and preferences of customer behavior and underlines the role of manipulative technologies used by marketers to transform customer behavior. The author gives characteristic to current manipulative technologies and at the same time highlights possible prospects and expediency of developing new efficient manipulations to attract digital natives, who become a priority target group of consumer market.

Washing machines and dish washers, vacuum cleaners are goods that in line with their functional efficiency are characterized by high power-intensity, which increases in proportion to their growing number in households. The authors give statistic data dealing with provision of the population of the EC and the Russian Federation with these goods, their sales, total annual consumption of water and electric power in the EC. The ranges of operation indicators, possible service life of devices are stated, as well as the information of the Eurasian Economic Committee about their work in the EC (average work per year, service life, etc.). Measures taken by the Euro-committee in order to cut power and water consumption necessary for these household devices are characterized and the results expected by the Euro-committee from these measures are shown. Indicators of power-efficiency attained by EC manufacturers are mentioned. It is pointed out that in order to ensure power-saving and prevent the arrival of outdated goods on the EAEU territory the Eurasian Economic Committee are working out measures similar to those approved in the EC. The technical regulations (TREAEC) fixing the requirements of power efficiency was adopted. Comparative analysis of norms and requirements to power-efficiency and eco-design in EC and EAEU showed the necessity to revise TREAEU.