The article deals with the acute problem, i.e. building infrastructure to provide broader possibilities for older people. The goal of the research is to analyze designing of the healthy aging concept. Literature review on problems of infrastructure development for elderly people was carried out. Special attention was paid to age periodization of person, as it is important to define the notion of ‘older age’. Key elements of active longevity formulated by the World Health Organization were studied. It was shown that since the 1980-s international programs have been adopted aiming at attracting attention to older people problems. European countries took the lead in launching policy of active longevity. Problems arising in implementing healthy aging policy in European countries are being investigated: various health conditions in elderly people; inadequate attitude to health and pensions; outdated stereotypes (ageism); global changes. The identified problems have not been resolved jet, which resulted in developing the plan ‘The Decade of Healthy Aging for the Period 2021–2030’. Intermediate results obtained by the end of 2023 were demonstrated.

Social and economic changes in today’s society for the last years and even decades took place mainly due to innovation technologies. Technologies mean new knowledge. Processes of shaping and using knowledge demonstrate fast growth. For instance, it is assumed that Russian vocabulary will double by 2030. In spite of increasing amount of knowledge, the need in it keeps growing. Human activity is short of both natural-scientific and economic knowledge. Firstly, cognition of economic processes could extend analytical instrument for its analysis. Secondly, development and manufacturing of new products, their number, practical implementation, elaboration of new technologies have influenced greatly on the economic system. It is not the system that was studied and described by founders (classics) for nearly three centuries. For the last 30-40 years fundamental changes in theory and practice took place, which gave an opportunity to design and work out brand new products and processes. Under the impact of accumulated knowledge in related fields certain changes occurred in economic knowledge as well. Shaping of such trend in economic research as economic complexity is one of the results. It is a new trend that now develops its own methodological foundation and instrumental base. This article deals with certain aspects of economic complexity research.

The article discusses issues dealing with specificity of trends observed in the process of market transformation in the Russian field of the Agro-Industrial Complex. Theoretical aspects of business unit development in the trends of holdingization (or oligopolization) in the Russian sector of the Agro-Industrial Complex were analyzed. Analysis of official statistics shows trends of sustainable advance of agricultural organizations by agricultural produce output. The author focuses at the phenomenon of such a new occurrence of business units in Russian economy as agroholdings and proposes to single out these integrated associations in a specific business entity. It is necessary, firstly, to find in the long-term prospect the optimum market niches on agricultural produce output; secondly, to maintain control over intensifying market power of big business structures and thirdly, to develop tactics on the part of state institutions aimed at attaining new national goals in the field of the Agro-Industrial Complex.

The present research proposes algorithm of assessing dynamic correlation of time series connected by TVP-regression model. Topicality of this task is stipulated by the fact that this model often describes asset behavior on finance markets, while modeling of their correlation link over time could help take into account risks, which is an integral part of building strategy of shaping the investment portfolio. This methodology can also be used to study the effect of shock proliferation on finance markets in time of crises. The goal of the research is to assess efficiency of the algorithm described in the work in comparison with the classic algorithm DCC GARCH. Comparison of the present algorithm with DCC GARCH method was carried out on synthetic data with several values of process error dispersion. As a result with all considered values of dispersion of the process error the advanced algorithm showed best figures in terms of mean-square error of assessed and real correlation. However, it was noticed that for higher values of process error the difference in result obtained by advanced algorithm and DCC GARCH method drops. In conclusion certain drawbacks of the algorithm were shown.

The article studies approaches and methods to finding optimum strategies to pull out of operation ecologically dangerous projects (illustrated by projects of nuclear industry) that are characterized by minimum costs of this process. For key variants of this strategy used in practice, i.e. permanent conservation of the project, its liquidation after temporary conservation, immediate liquidation after work ceasing the authors put forward tasks of cost minimization that takes into account interaction between their components, among which the following costs were identified: pulling out of operation, losses caused by radioactive emanation during the process, including risky losses of accidents, risk-cutting costs. The authors found regularities in cost changeability over time with due regard to features of their amortization depending on decreasing level of radiation from project brought to a stop and personnel health and life damage connected with it, who carry out its pulling out of operation, possible rise in accident risks and the necessity to eliminate their after-effects. Opportunities to cut damage to health and life of liquidators at the expense of changing shifts were studied. Conditions providing benefits of the mentioned strategy variants were demonstrated and examples of their use in the US, Great Britain and Russia were described.

The article studies specific features of mathematic tools of cognitive modeling meant to resolve tasks of analyzing functioning and forecasting the development of semi-structured and poorly formalized systems. Semi-structured systems are complicated dynamic systems, where human factor plays an important role. These systems are characterized by uncertainty of data-in and data-out and they cannot be described by precise formal dependencies. Difficulty of studying poorly formalized systems is connected with the necessity to take into account various and often contradicting figures and criteria, which would not allow us to describe formally components of the system and its functions. To model system of this class mathematic tools of cognitive modeling can be used on the basis of cognitive maps. Cognitive map can provide an integral idea of semi-structured and poorly formalized system in the form of a graph, which can help conduct scenario modeling of the system, prepare recommendations for its stable functioning and resolve problems of forecasting its development. The authors investigate applied aspects and specific features of methods of cognitive modeling. Apart from that they provided description of mathematic tools and their possibilities and put forward mathematic approach to solving tasks of cognitive modeling and gave examples of its use.

The article shows the use of cognitive maps to estimate and upgrade software quality according to standard GOST R ISO/MEK 25010 – 2015. Expediency of using cognitive map for visualization and formal analysis of interaction between quality characteristics was substantiated and the role of hierarchy analysis method (MAI) in expert appraisal aggregation was shown. The goal of raising software quality was formulated in order to maintain functional suitability at the rate of 0.9 and detail calculations were provided both in static and dynamic model of cognitive map with regard to controlled factors, such as team skills and architecture complexity. At the same time results of using MAI was discussed to identify weight figures, which could help evaluate each factor in the final level of quality. The analysis was verified by current research in the field of cognitive modeling and quality management.

Persuasion of state innovation policy and the necessity to attain long-term land-marks of scientific and technological development require modernization and efficient use of innovation infrastructure. However, legislative definition of this notion is characterized by certain drawbacks that are highlighted by academic community. Innovation infrastructure can be understood not only as a sum total of its entities, but as a section of environment (for instance, national, innovative) through structural – functional and institutional approaches. Legislative definition of innovation infrastructure eliminates from the law field a number of business entities participating in service function for Russian innovators. In view of this it is proposed to introduce changes in legislative definition in the part of specification of entities and projects. Discussions and novelties also deal with classifications and innovation infrastructure, its functional purpose, in spite of the fact that more than a decade has passed since the moment of defining and legislative fixing of classification. At the same time we can observe attempts to disfigure the role of innovation infrastructure connected with rendering services to innovators, which could hinder innovation processes in the country. In this case it is proposed to push off from the need to take into account auxiliary functions at each stage of life cycle of innovation project in order to support timely innovators on their way to successful market implementation of their projects.

The article studies methods of raising efficiency of managing the trade chain ‘M. Video – Eldorado’ on the basis of introducing neuro-net methods of forecasting key finance figures. The author focuses at digital transformation of company oriented to the use of micro-service architecture and cloud technologies but he also underlines that neuron nets have not been applied so far to forecast proceeds in Russian practice. The research is based on analyzing data since 2019 after the merger of the companies ‘M. Video’ and ‘Eldorado’. The use of correlation-regressive analysis for forecasting proceeds of the organization showed a low prognostic accuracy and economic inadequacy of results. In response a series of neuro-net models were developed on the basis of Deductor Studio Lite 5.1 with method of sliding window, including bayes ensemble of five multilayer perceptrons of different architecture. All models demonstrated high accuracy of approximation (mean error is less that 0.01%) and the best results were reached by the two-layer net (6 and 8 neurons in concealed layers). A conclusion was drawn that neuro-net models exceed traditional methods by accuracy and sustainability of forecasting and their introduction into practice of trade company management could provide a promising line in further digital transformation.

The article analyzes alternative approaches to researching migration and migratory processes in works by Russian and overseas scientists. The goal of the research is to find out cognitive potential of orthodox and heterodox theories of migration, which can be used to adjust tools of migratory policy to peculiarities of today’s Russian economy. Changes in migratory flows in the Russian Federation were identified in conditions of the new model of world order establishment. Specific features of key theories of migration were found that are based on neo-classic principles and their restrictions were identified. Heterodox theories of migration were analyzed and their advantages to orthodox ideas were shown. A conclusion was drawn that within the frames of Russian economic science conceptions of migration and migratory processes have passed five stages of development. It is connected with changes in social and economic conditions and the development of academic knowledge. And finally, the thesis of the necessity to study macro-economic theories was formulated, as they supplement and extend ideas elaborated within the frames of micro-economic approach.

The article tries to develop an adaptive scenario for housing policy implementation in different types of Russian regions as a basis of the research the authors took the concept of grading factors that impact space development in accordance with current challenges and conditions. Russian regions are seriously differentiated and it can hinder realization of uniform housing policy. Study of housing policy by different authors demonstrates a number of its key components: social accessibility of housing, market regulation, infrastructure development and control over space distribution of the population. The article provides classification of factors that can influence housing policy realization in view of space development: social – demographic, economic, infrastructural, ecological and statelegal. The following types of regions were shown: highly-urbanized, de-populated, industrially developing, agricultural and remote, recreating and tourist. Adaptive scenarios of housing policy for different types of regions and practical recommendations were elaborated. Methodological approaches to estimating efficiency of housing policy realization were put forward with regard to adaptive scenarios and specific space development of each type of region. The research highlights the importance of comprehensive approach to elaboration of housing policy as a tool of space development.

The article shows key problems of regional investment policy and a rise in investment appeal of the Krasnodar area in conditions of macro-economic challenges. The results of researching the standing and problems of investment activities in the Krasnodar area were provided and key dynamic and structural elements of these activities were analyzed. The figures were compared with data of the South Federal Area and the Russian Federation in general by analyzing materials of regional and federal statistics. Appraisal of the investment potential of the area showed that the region possesses necessary resources for raising investment appeal. Complicated conditions of investment activities were highlighted as they are caused by unprecedented sanction pressure on the part of the US and some Western countries that try to destabilize social and economic situation in Russia. Thus the necessity to transform investment policy was substantiated that aims at sustainable development of regional economy. The article shows the most appropriate, according to the author, ways of solving current problems with regard to challenges and threats of our time. Special attention was paid to regulation of investment activities on the part of bodies of state and municipal power. The author put forward priority measures aimed at stimulating and raising investment appeal, such as taxation preferences, extra subsidies, investment project support, wide range of services, shaping agroindustrial clusters, intensification of innovation potential, extending the field of state-private partnership and others. It was underlined that trends identified in the investment field of the Krasnodar area repeats all-Russian trends, therefore the experience of resolving the mentioned problems can be important for other regions. The article concluded that favorable investment climate in conditions of legal stimulation, continuous monitoring, elaborating and implementing steps aimed at overcoming administrative barriers provide a guarantee for successful functioning of economy and ensuring investment appeal of the region.

The article carried out critical analysis of electricity market and showed its interaction with social and economic development of the Moscow region. The authors found how processes taking place on electricity market affect social and economic development. They identified and analyzed principle drawbacks and benefits of the system of state regulation of electricity market. Key goals and objectives of strategy in electric power engineering in Russia were studied and the impact of pandemic on its development was estimated. The article traced dynamics of electricity generation. It was pointed out that heterogeneity is a specific feature of the current home electricity market, as state at its own discretion regulates tariffs on electricity for individuals and legal entities and raises them constantly in the Moscow region, which does not hinder its rapid social and economic development. The authors stipulated current theoretical and legal positions in the field of electricity industry regulation and provided a forecast of promising lines in its further development. At the same time the trend of economic development stabilization in the regional electricity industry was demonstrated, in spite of post-pandemic effects and tough sanction pressure.

When there is no common approach to classification and regulation of non-tax payments in Russia, system-dynamic modeling can be an effective method of analysis and transformation of this fiscal subsystem. The present article describes the approach, worked out by the authors, to modeling the process of transforming the number of non-tax payments by using Any Logic environment and Java language. The research includes plotting cause-and-effect scheme describing key processes in the system: initiation, acceptance and abolishing of non-tax payments and direct and back links affecting these processes. There are three possible scenarios of transformation: inertial, conservative and aggressive. The inertial scenario maintains status-quo: the number of payments and their sum total fiscal load are stable. The conservative scenario implies gradual transformation of the number of payments, which leads to a drop in para-tax load from 1.37 to 1.25% of GDP. The aggressive scenario demonstrates the highest effectiveness by cutting the number of payments to nearly zero by reducing fiscal load to 0.05% of GDP and decreasing the volume of receipts by 6 trillion rubles for the decade. Special attention was paid to estimation of para-tax load, which is not included in official methodology of calculating tax load and influences seriously business activity and investment climate. The authors underline the necessity to systematize non-tax payments, upgrade legal regulation and improve transparency of fiscal mechanisms. This model in spite of simplification can allow us to identify main links and after-effects of different reforming strategies. The research builds theoretical and practical foundation for decisionmaking in the field of budget-taxation policy oriented to raising sustainability of economy and reducing concealed load on business.

The article studies issues of using alternative finance solutions, in particular, partner finance institutions to implement various Russian projects in the context of limited access of Russian business-structures to western finance markets. The article shows preconditions of developing Islamic finance institutions in Russian practice and grounds lines of development of investment cooperation of Russia and Islamic countries of the Middle East and South-East Asia within the frames of using infrastructure of partner finance institutions. Methodological tools of the research include analysis of public factual account concerning the development of Islamic finance and functioning of Islamic finance institutions in Russia. The research showed that today Russia possesses potential for the development of Islamic finance, however, this market has not reached full-scale extension on the territory of Russia due to certain facts hindering the development of Islamic finance infrastructure. It is obvious that to allow Islamic investors with their capital to enter Russian market it is necessary to create efficiently functioning conditions within the frames of legislative base, taxation system, organizational infrastructure and system of foreign investment protection. These conditions shall be provided by Russia in the near future. In view of promoting mechanisms of partner financing a special role shall be played by experiment of testing partner (Islamic) finance in Russia aimed at supporting energetic development of tools of partner financing for legal entities and individuals, creating infrastructure for Islamic finance institution functioning and raising Islamic investment capital.

Process approach in managing business can give an opportunity to show all types of company work in the form of interconnected processes, standardize business-processes and make the system of management transparent and clear, thus it can raise the efficiency of work. The article studies tools that can be used in process and project management: responsibility matrix and key performance indicators of a job. The use of these tools can help optimize the process of responsibility distribution, connect attaining of employees’ planned parameters with strategy of company development and improve the system of workers’ motivation. The authors proved the possibility to introduce these tools in any field of activity.

The topic of labour productivity is becoming more and more acute in conditions of mobilization economy. One of the most ordinary tools to raise it is optimization of organizational structure, cutting the number of management levels and revision of quantity norms in divisions. The goal of the research is to put forward methodological recommendations on the basis of summarized experience in optimization of company organizational structure, which aim at its upgrading, proceeding from the necessity to raise labour productivity, controllability and decrease in the number of non-target positions. The principle methods of the research were analysis of commercial organizations’ experience in the field of organizational structure optimization, summing up applied developments, interviews with experts in organizational efficiency. In the majority of organizations structure is not optimum, it was shaped historically and thus it does not comply with current managerial standards and approaches. The elaborated methodological recommendations show opportunities to use one of the most ordinary tools of optimization that does not require investment and serious labour costs and as a rule is linked with elimination of extra levels of management and managerial positions and covers a small number of employees.

In today’s conditions of dynamic and highly competitive business-environment elaboration of efficient strategy of enterprise development requires innovative approaches and technologies that can provide necessary flexibility, adaptability and timely strategic decision-making. Traditional methods of strategic planning based on extrapolation of past trends and reactive response on environment changes cannot meet challenges of the present time. Fast development of information technologies, market globalization, competition toughening, decrease in life cycle of products and technologies and growing role of non-tangible assets and intellectual capital require from highlytechnological companies continuous search for new sources of competitive advantages and fast adaptation of their strategies to changing conditions of business-landscape. The degree of scientific elaboration of the problem of strategic development of highly-technological enterprises is characterized by availability of a serious volume of research dealing with various aspects of the present subject. However, in spite of considerable attention of researchers to problems of strategic development at highly-technological enterprises, a lot of theoretical and applied issues in the sphere are still underdeveloped. The goal of the article is to identify key lines in the development of today’s science-intensive business and systematize technologies for choosing solutions for highly-technological works. The authors provided detailed characteristics of current technologies of strategy elaboration; in particular they described scenario planning, dynamic capacities, business-ecosystems, platform, strategies, ‘blue ocean’ strategies and agile-strategies. The article gave examples of realizing the mentioned variants of technologies of solution choosing in well-known foreign and Russian companies. Specific features of shaping and realizing strategies of developing highly-technological business in conditions of sanction restrictions were shown. Successful practices of strategic development of highly-technological works were analyzed and opportunities were demonstrated to transform this experience into activities of science-intensive companies on the territory of the Russian Federation. Academic conclusions and findings of the research could be useful both for management of Russian companies to reach competitive advantage on market and representatives of other professional communities interested in getting tools of strategic management. Research methods included comparative and systemic analysis, qualitative and quantitative approaches.

Today for all countries of the world digitalization became not only possible but also a necessary tool of providing planned innovation growth in economy, a rise in production efficiency, competitiveness of products and services, increase in quality and standard of living of the population. At the same time due to numerous causes arising from specificity of organization of production process its transformation in the digital format often becomes a complicated task for many sectors of economy and fields of activities that requires specific tools and approaches for implementation. Construction industry is a conservative one, the problem of its digitalization needs serious attention, including the governmental level. The article analyzes key factors hindering digitalization introduction in construction industry and making assessment of its efficiency more difficult; it studied both negative and positive aspects affecting decisions made by management of construction companies. The authors propose optimum indicators of assessment in view of investors interested both in increasing their capitals and in development of construction field and describe possible algorithms and methods of estimating investment-construction projects, where new technologies could be used.

Russia has gained large experience in arranging sport events of different scale. Big sport competitions of international level were held, such summer Universiade ‘Kazan-2013’ and winter Universiade in Krasnoyarsk in 2019, a number of world championships and biggest mega-sport events: the 22nd Olympic Games and 11th Paralympics in Sochi and Football World Cup FIFA ‘Russia-2018’. Changes in the country have cut the possibility of arranging sport events of this level on the territory of the Russian Federation. It is necessary to mention that many sport events, such as Super Bowl, NHL and NBA competitions that show the maximum viewings and profits are national championships. On the background of big sport problems, a rise in the number of international events of mass sport is evident, they are mainly organized by private initiatives. Data of VCIOM sociological research and statistic information presented a profile of potential participant of mass sport events. It is a man at the age of 37, who prefers endurance competitions. Such sports as steeplechase, running, triathlon, swimming and ski race are the most popular in this segment of competitions. Apart from strategic goals, sport events have a certain economic potential. The potential economic capacity of 4-days competition with the average number of participants and accompanying people makes up 16.2 m euros or 1.766 B rubles. The article studies several organizational-economic models typical of different sectors of sport competitions. The author shows that potential economic effect of big sport events is much higher, however, this effect is not always attained in full. For competitions of mass sport social effect is more typical.

The article provides the author’s view on elaboration of strategy for consolidation of enterprise business reputation, which is based on researching processes of its elaboration, identification of pathologic conditions in the process, classification and typification of business reputation. The following criteria were used: degree of influence on enterprise competitiveness, nature of impact on competitiveness and possible cooperation, which helped identify optimum classification for the research, and namely destructive, normal and constructive types of enterprise business reputation. In order to reduce the number of pathologic types in elaborating enterprise business reputation a triangle classifier was proposed, which gave an opportunity to identify three types of pathologies in shaping enterprise business reputation: acceptable, hard and critical. Proceeding from obtained results strategic alternatives were worked out to consolidate enterprise business reputation, which can help change destructive (negative) business reputation to constructive (positive) in case competitive statuses ‘Outsiders’ and ‘Followers’ are used characterizing negative business reputation and ‘Promising’ and ‘Leaders’ that characterize positive business reputation. The final choice of strategic alternative for consolidation of business reputation should be made with due regard to certain type of pathology in its formation, competitive status, identified factors of business reputation and trend of realizing strategy of its consolidation.

The article provides analysis of management models in the field of physical culture and sports, studies opinions and findings of works by different authors on this subject. Key features of management models in the field of physical culture and sports were highlighted and their differences were demonstrated. A new classification of management models in the field of physical culture and sports was put forward, it is based on analysis of world and home practices. The article gives characteristic of models, whose functioning takes place on the basis of the role of every key management entity in the field of physical culture and sports and interaction between state, public and private sectors. The classification also describes possible configurations in case of mixing of management models in the field of physical culture and sports. Key conditions of each model functioning and factors of their use in practice were depicted. Findings of the analysis can be used in practice to build management model in the field of physical culture and sports in the Russian Federation.

The article describes variants of applying mathematic modeling by using the theory of games to resolve concrete corporate problems with regard to high level of competition on human capital market, including elaboration of strategy of managing cooperation between corporate center and division teams. On the basis of theorico-game method the author proposes a variant of 3D payment matrix meant for searching for optimum solutions in contradictions between the corporate center and division. As a third axis the author proposes velocity of decisionmaking that can provide identification of the needed strategy within the necessary interval of time. The article described 18 variants of conflict settlement by finding alternative steps of two participants as well as winnings and losses being the result of choosing each of the strategies.

The article provides analysis of neuromarketing concept in the context of digital transformation of today’s society and presents key methods of neuromarketing research. Critical analysis of literature sources was carried out, in particular, evolution of this notion since the moment of its arising in 2002 was studied. The author defined neuromarketing as activity aimed at direct impact on neuro-physiological cognitive processes connected with customer decision-making. Issues of interaction of conscientious, sub-conscientious and non-conscientious processes were studied, which underlie decisions of purchases and ethic aspects of neuromarketing research and methods of shaping customer behavior. Key problems of neuromarketing include relatively high labour-intensity and cost of using the most effective methods of research, limited samples of their participants. The author identified possibilities of mentioned problems solution at the expense of digital technologies of Internet of things, social networks and industry of online-games. Gamification of neuromarketing was defined as a complex of game methods and elements used in investigating customer behavior and communications with customer in order to raise efficient impact on decisions made by customers.

The article studies current situation with the quality of goods when they are sold through the Internet and points to key causes of inadequate quality. To identify the most serious violations in product quality the author summarized available publications and gave conclusions of Rospotrebnadzor concerning the problem. The trends of upgrading control over the quality of goods put forward in the article cover systematized recommendations of studies dealing with similar problems and author’s proposals based on using advanced internet-technologies. Special attention in recommended internet-technologies capable of improving control over the quality of goods is given to technologies of big data, AI and Internet of things. The article proposes to use technologies of big data to raise accuracy of product offer to each customer on the basis of individualization of searching for suitable goods by quality with regard to specific characteristics of each customer. Possibility of using AI technology was grounded, in particular, spectral methods and artificial sight during checking the product quality. The author recommend to develop technology of Internet of things, as now it is underdeveloped in order to diagnose and monitor the quality by using pick-ups and specific equipment, which could allow us in the near future to pass to the smart-quality model.

Topicality of the subject of researching the role and importance of digital services in development of economy in the Russian Federation is envisaged by the necessity to adapt to current conditions of global digital transformation, where digital technologies become a key factor of raising efficiency and competitiveness of the country on the world scene. Special attention is paid to the fact, how the development of digital services affects reduction of regional inequality and improvement of quality of life of the population in different parts of Russia. The goal of the article is to analyze the current standing and prospects of development of digital services in Russian economy. Various types of digital services (finance, logistic, medical, educational, etc.) were studied and their contribution to creating a comfortable environment for people and business was demonstrated. Discussion of the standing of digital infrastructure in the country is essential, which includes state investment into the sector. Competitiveness of Russia in the field of digital economy in comparison with leading countries of the world was analyzed. It was pointed out that Russia shows serious success in the development of digital technologies, especially in the field of storage and processing of big data. Statistic information was provided that testifies to the growth in market of digital services in Russia, which in 2023 made up about 3 trillion rubles and forecast annual rise of 15–20%. Attention was focused on analysis of factors promoting the growth of digital services, such as a rise in the number of Internet users, energetic introduction of automated state services and popularization of AI. The achievements of the leading companies of the sector, such ‘Yandex’, ‘VKontakte’, ‘Gosuslugi’, ‘Ozon’ and ‘Sberbank’ were discussed, as well as the development of cloud technologies, big data and AI. Within the frames of realizing the national project ’Digital Economy’ considerable funds are allocated to the development of infrastructure, training of highly-qualified specialists and support of home IT-companies. It is expected that by 2030 market of digital services will reach 8 trillion rubles and 5G network will be started in big and medium cities and provide further speeding-up of digitalization and create preconditions for developing smart cities. In conclusion the author highlighted the importance of digitalization for modernizing traditional sectors of economy, such as manufacturing, agriculture and trade, which could provide an opportunity to raise their productivity and competitiveness.

The article provides a review of the latest developments in the field of control over food systems and food-stuffs. Scientific and technical sources, including new national standards of the Russian Federation underline the absence of common, frame approach to ensuring control over technological processes of producing food. At the same time the concept of universal standardization of methods of analysis, control, testing is being formed, which could help build a common base (technical, methodological) to research different materials in spite of their purpose. Thus, special attention in academic research is paid to methodology of control, development of home and overseas systems of quality control and safety of food systems. They are systems of general purpose, including automation, AI, big data analysis and computerized analysis, control, etc. However, certain problems of quality cannot be resolved at the expense of tightening control of operative character by express-tools and measuring means. Academic literature paid serious attention to researching food value, irreplaceable factors of nutrition (amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids), especially indicators of security, finding countermines and chemical agents, for examples, the wellknown problem of akrylamide in foods treated by high temperatures, accumulation of histamine in fish during long storage, etc., to say nothing of topicality of express-diagnostics in the field of microbiological control and supervision over food-stuffs, forage, materials contacting with them and so on. At the same time operative quality control requires fast response to challenges arising in the chain ‘analysis of suppliers – raw material order – processing – quality preservation - transportation – control’.

The article deals with study of institutionalization of marketing research in the US. Three stages of history of this process were identified: birth of industry (1880–1900-s), when first marketing research were registered of advert agencies and academic scientists; development (1920–1920-s), i. e. the period of setting up research departments in different organizations and specialized research companies, which is characterized by piling-up the pool of professional publications and setting-up first professional associations; formalizing (1930–1940-s), when market research became an ordinary business-practice and inside the research corps a serious methodological breakthrough took place, which determines current standards and practices of research activities. The author mentioned prominent figures in the field of marketing research on each stage, whose contribution to the development of industry allows us to call them The Founders. A conclusion was made about the crucial importance of the idea of scientific marketing for the development of industry. Attracting representatives of academic community (psychologists, sociologists, economists, etc.) raised the quality and efficiency of marketing research and legitimize its status in business-practice.