Economic sanctions always have destructive impact on economic structures of states, especially such developing countries as Iran and Russia. These countries used anti-sanction economic approach in order to oppose western sanctions. Strategy of anti-sanction economy is a tool of counteracting adverse impact of sanctions on national economy as a sanction target. The authors investigate the influence of strategy of anti-sanction economy on national economy of Iran and Russia, which are facing economic sanctions introduced by western countries. Research findings demonstrate that strategy of anti-sanction economy is a key priority of both Iran and Russia. This strategy helps these countries improve the local business climate, support small and medium enterprises and raise efficiency of local production units. Principle recommendations of our research for Iran and Russia imply that apart from using strategy of anti-sanction economy these countries should do their best to lower their dependence on the US dollar (strategy of dollarization), improve bilateral economic cooperation and eliminate trade barriers to increase trade flows.

The goal of the article is to work out recommendations aimed at providing sustainability of agriculture development on the level of national economy in conditions of changing climate. The agriculture development within the frames of traditional approach can be studied in two aspects: as a sector subjected to the global climate change impact; as a sector promoting climate change due to greenhouse gas emission. The authors showed that in regard to present trends scientific recommendations aimed at agriculture adaptation to climate changes are the most significant for Russia. On the basis of provided concepts they identified key lines in the said adaptation: to develop innovation connected with adaptation to consequences of climate changes; to upgrade the system of agro-insurance; to use methods of organic food production; to monitor and appraise adaptation of agriculture to climate changes; to introduce strategic planning of sustainable development and location of agricultural production. These lines should be realized on the basis of integrity, strategic orientation and scientific support of agricultural production. These lines can stabilize the level of key parameters of the sector in the long-term perspective.

In last decades higher school in Russia has undergone qualitative transformation, which deals not only with the higher school organization but also the deep foundation of this most essential social and cultural field of the ethnos being. Architecture of university education, criteria of assessing results of university work, models of education process are changing, i. e. all aspects of external attributes in the sphere of augmentation, retention and communication of accumulated knowledge to future generations. The essential foundations are changing, the power and depth of these transformations act as irreversible after-effects and refraction on the deep level of the higher education form and at the same time the society demand for the importance of higher education, individuals’ demand for applied conditions, which can provide their being in a formalized manner. Commercialization of higher school influences the form, depth and speed of transformations, stipulates demands for the functional component of education process designers, advances demands for economic efficiency and expediency of their professional work. The author shows that the key contradiction evident in the sphere of higher school of Russia, which gave birth to continuously existing problems makes professional community consider the nature of these phenomena and makes authorized representatives of power pay attention to inevitability of managerial paradigm modernization, to the necessity of introducing more tough, more formalized system of estimation criteria of efficiency of university functioning (the program of university development). But it would not prevent us from realizing the historical mission of higher school of Russia, this essence-value component of national culture and from understanding the necessity of public dialogue about the future of higher school. And finally, we must apprehend that academic education is not a service but one of the most important functions of state.

The article deals with the problem of today’s economy de-globalization in conditions of post-crisis restoration of world economy from 2009 to the present day. The author shows that de-globalization is characterized by aggravation of protectionist policy of states (especially in conditions of combating against COVID-19 pandemic) and extension of sanction regimes. It caused the relative drop in intensity of global trade and global capital flows and at the same time led to the crisis in regional integration in different parts of the world. The article systematized the most widely spread approaches of today’s researchers to the issue of de-globalization. It was found out that expectations of fast return of global economy to the former trajectory of globalization were groundless. The author shows that COVID-19 pandemic fostered disintegration processes in global economy. It was caused not only by objective need to combat against the virus but also by goals of stimulating policy of states essential for overcoming lock-down after-effects. A conclusion was drawn that, on the one hand, de-globalization conditions give states the tools for supporting national manufacturers and development of priority industries but, on the other hand, overall radicalization of political discourse could raise risks of social tension and military confrontation.

The current Strategy of Innovative Development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020 and the Strategy of Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation determine the goals, priorities and objectives of the state innovation policy and scientific and technological development of the country. A significant role is given to areas that allow us to obtain scientific and technical results that are the basis for increasing the innovative level of production and consolidating the country's position in the foreign market. Among the priority areas is the aviation industry, namely the sector of aircraft engine construction. The creation of aircraft engines is currently one of the most science-intensive and high-tech tasks of the domestic aircraft industry. However, the analysis of the current state of implementation of programms in this area shows that the problems of their functioning and development are not always solved taking into account a wide range of emerging risks, the negative impact of which can lead to significant financial losses. To develop effective methods for assessing and minimizing risks, it is necessary to first analyze and classify them. In the article, based on the analysis, a system of classification of risks arising during development aircraft engines. The results obtained will allow us to give a preliminary qualitative assessment of the negative events that occur at various stages of the development of aircraft engines.

The article studies innovation methods of distance interaction in education. The necessity to pass over to distance learning was caused by global pandemic. On March 11, 2020 the WHO called the outbreak of COVID-19 a pandemic, which drastically changed traditional mode of life, business and education all over the world. The demand for learning became more acute. For millions of people distance communications were the only link with the outer world. The need and necessity in distance access to school, secondary and higher education affected the development of new trends in the field of education. The change-over to distance learning in schools and universities requires application of different methods of involving schoolchildren and students in the process of learning and improving skills of independent thinking. The authors provided a number of recommendations dealing with multimedia technology application in distance learning, which aimed at the development of cognitive, communicative skills and skills of logical, creative and critical thinking and social literacy.

Bio-pharmaceutics is one of the most science-intensive industries. Annually a lot of money is spent on applied research aimed at development and commercialization of new medications. Many pharmaceutical companies try to have in their product line or pipeline drugs on the basis of monoclonal antibodies, i.e. a class of biotechnological preparations that are used to combat oncologic and autoimmune diseases and are based on target therapy principle. Because of the high interest in bio-pharmaceutical industry on the part of businessmen, state and science any advanced data dealing with the situation inside the market can be useful for shaping the adequate picture of the present day condition and for making managerial decisions on state and private level. The article provides information about global sales of preparations based on monoclonal antibodies. Apart from sales in terms of money the author calculates the natural volume of products being sold based on price analysis of products. The article gives a list of preparations registered on EU and US markets rated by their sales. By analyzing preparation prices corrected to dosage it was possible to find the most expensive and the cheapest medications in their class. Information concerning the natural volume of drug being sold can help understand the scale of preparation production.

The article provides results of scientific research on problems of evaluating labour productivity of workers in medical institutions. Now we face a certain deficit of knowledge about possibilities and specificity of using calculations of labour productivity in sectors of social sphere, especially public health. The authors analyzed sources of home and foreign literature, normative documents for the period 2010–2019 dealing with this problem and practices of public health system functioning. For the research they used database of the Russian index of academic citing, the search system of full texts of academic publications Google Scholar, reference system ‘ConsultantPlus’ and e-resource eLIBRARY.RU. At the same time the authors analyzed public reports by authority representatives on issues of raising labour productivity in medical institutions, information of open internet-sources with the help of search engine ‘Yandex’. The research helped the authors formulate their own definition of labour productivity in respect to medical institutions’ work. The article enumerates factors affecting the labour productivity index, such as selection system, training and development of personnel, working environment and staff interaction, digitalization of personnel in medical organization, system of quality management, advanced managerial technologies.

The article examines the state of forms, methods and technologies of education during the period of introduced restrictive measures caused by coronavirus infection. For a generalized assessment of the current situation in the educational environment, the authors used international and Russian studies during 2020 (UNESCO global monitoring of education, reports of the International Talent Development Association, Analytical report of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, survey results of the RAEX rating agency), scientific articles and their own developments obtained within the framework of research activities in the preparation of management personnel in the framework of the Federal Presidential Program. The problems of the implementation of training that have arisen as a result of the transition to distance learning, both on the part of teachers and on the part of students, are considered. The article analyzes the reaction of students to the preservation of distance learning during the transition to the full-time format. The development of information and communication technologies allows the use of asynchronous, synchronous and blended learning. The authors identified three main problems faced by educational programs. They are associated with the forms and methods of teaching, technical and information support of the educational process, the ratio of distance learning, the transformation of digital and personal competencies of professors. It is noted that forms of blended and distance learning are becoming more and more attractive. To adapt educational programs of all levels to current trends and student needs, the authors propose to use the technology of "flipped classroom" (Flipped Classroom) or "flipped learning" (Flipped Learning).

The goal of the research is to attract attention to the problem of upbringing and to the necessity of improving theoretical and methodological support of the process of social upbringing of students in higher school oriented to shaping social behavior of students directly in the education institution that corresponds to the cultural level, standards and rules of this education institution. Legislative acts and academic publications concerning learners’ upbringing were used as sources of information. Certain categories and notions used in researching social upbringing and behavior have not been completely shaped, thus the present investigation was based on scientific methodology, which includes as one of its sections improvement and concretization of conceptual and categorical apparatus in this field of science. During the research in order to describe the process of shaping social behavior in higher school the authors used systematic, cybernetic approach implying modeling of the upbringing process in the form of model of managing the process of learner’s socialization assuming demand setting, monitoring results and correction of management by feedback. The research used elements of planning with development of the list of tasks and events aimed at managing the process of social behavior of student. As a result the conceptual and categorical apparatus was specified and formulated, which is necessary to describe the process of student’s socialization in education institutions, including such notions as social upbringing, socialization, social behavior, organizational behavior, behavior discipline, behavior code, behavior culture, organizational discipline; the model of managing the process of shaping social behavior of student was worked out in the form of the system with feedback; the list of tasks and events was developed to support the process of managing social behavior with assessment of their applicability in current situation. The obtained results can form the foundation for developing the mechanism of managing social behavior in university and can be used not only in higher school but also in other education institutions.

Analyzing organization competitiveness by production costs is an important analytical step for units of agroindustrial complex (AIC). Such importance can be explained by specific features of markets, where AIC units operate: produce is uniform and standardized or poorly differentiated, price competition plays the essential role, therefore organizations with low costs are leaders on market. In this situation one of the most important parameters of strategic standing of the organization is its capability to compete by costs. Topicality of using the value chain is stipulated by importance of managing processes of raising competitiveness by costs and realizing strategy in general. The article studies practical and methodological issues of strategic analysis of production costs. It shows results of empirical research on managing processes of forming costs in AIC units and identifies key problems that can impact their successful development in the long run. Special attention was paid to changing approaches to managing processes of forming costs and potential profit, the shift of searching for opportunities of competitiveness by costs from internal environment to outer one. Recommendations on using value chains in AIC strategic management on state level were worked out. It was shown that effective cooperation of state and private AIC units could promote attainment of strategic goals of AIC development.

The article studies corporate training in general as a line in research and a concrete issue about the degree of investigation of the issue of decision-making in this sphere of activity. The issue of decision-making is fundamental for management of corporate training, as training model depends on this mechanism. In previous studies this issue was touched upon only indirectly. To study this problem deeply it is necessary to understand the topical level of research on mentioned-above direction. The goal of the article is to study methods used in this sphere and current condition of this field of academic research. In order to attain the goals of the research descriptive literature review of sources from the international database Web of Science was carried out focusing on studying methodology and level of theoretical investigation. As a result the article identified several key trends in studying corporate training and revealed predominance of quantitative works even in conditions of insufficient theoretical investigation. Works being analyzed more often used concepts of training organization by K. Watkins and V. Marsic and the model of digital maturity by A. Back and S. Berhause.

The article analyzes the current situation in the American defense contractor Raytheon Technologies and assesses prospects of business development in view of present short- and long-term trends. As events in Karabachos, Syria, Libya and some other countries showed, today we can see the growing importance of war tools in pursuing foreign policy and it makes research and analysis of military-industrial complex companies more topical. Academic literature pays serious attention mainly to companies of the American military-industrial complex, which can be explained by their impact and leading positions on market. At the same time it should be pointed out that these materials demonstrate summarizing nature and do not deal with concrete and specific matters of such companies. The choice of the company Raytheon Technologies was stipulated by the fact that, due to merger with United Technologies, today it is one of the biggest American companies of the defense-industrial complex. Our analysis can support the idea of the high potential of consolidation of the defense-industrial complex sector in Western countries, which can lead to closure of unprofitable (low profitable) capacities and mass reduction of jobs, as well as degrading of technological and other related competences.

Today digital economic environment penetrates deeply in different spheres and industries of economy. Now doubt that digital transformations deal not only with outer environment of company functioning but also with their internal business-processes. The outer elements of digital transformation include such business-spaces, which in their essence were born as global, i. e. they are not connected with geographical location or specific segment of buying audience. We mean the development of the so-called digital platforms – ecosystems of digital business, where participants of different profiles or lines of commercial activity can be present, such as logistics, production, finance, marketing, sales, etc. Due to active emergence of outer aspects of digital transformation internal businessprocesses in such digital spaces are also subjected to transformations. These transformations in some cases are inevitable because of rising competition among companies inside one industry on the level of product range being sold and among related industries on the level of services that determine the company value for customers. In the digital business environment classical process approach undergoes serious changes due to transformation of business-models of business running, altered information opportunities, emergence of new digital competences of experts and technological breakthrough. The goal of the research is to develop a competence model of manager for decision-making in conditions of digital environment with regard to factors influencing the process of decisionmaking and advanced methodologies of management, such as Agile. The article shows conditions of digital transformation penetration in the business environment of present day companies, identifies factors of digital transformation impact on decision-making in management within the frames of the process approach, substantiates opportunities and threats of business-process digitalization in managerial decision-making and demonstrates new competences necessary for efficient functioning of business-processes. The authors put forward a complex model of decision-making in digital business environment, which gives an opportunity for companies to make the most effective managerial decisions.

In the era of knowledge competition among organizations grows, while fast changing and more complicated external environment initiate new problems of survival and development. The role of information and knowledge becomes more significant, therefore knowledge acts as a major resource necessary for providing company competitiveness. Changes that took place in internal and external environment made traditional organizational form incapable to meet the requirements of organizational development, thus a new organizational form came into being, i.e. organization based on knowledge. Proceeding from characteristics given to knowledge in the article the author analyzes different understanding by overseas scientists of organization based on knowledge connotation and shows general features of such organizations.

Market economy develops very fast in current conditions, which fosters the growth in the number of goods and services of one product group. It helps avoid monopoly, but at the same time it makes customer choice more difficult as they get lost in the vast number of similar offers. This problem can be resolved by branding, i. e. proving product with the brand, a set of tangible and intangible values that can identify and differentiate product and impact customer choice. It is the product itself, its trade mark and other visual and physical components, its surrounding halo and relations between the company and the buyer. Successful branding gives an opportunity to get a trusted audience and retain it even in unstable economic conditions and it can prepare the ground for business extension and cut costs in new product and service promotion. Brand development can have a positive impact on investors’ loyalty, financial quarters, workers and mass media, that is why the brand is often perceived as a valuable asset of the company. The article specifies the notion of brand and branding, identifies stages of the brand life cycle and marketing tasks typical of each stage. The first and fundamental stage of brand development is positioning. Positioning is a product place on market. To build positioning tactics it is important to identify the current and desirable position of the brand and develop brand strategy. Varieties of brand positions are shown. The essence of mission, vision and value of brand is revealed. Specificity of brand identification is described: development of outer attributes that personify its individuality (name, slogan, logotype, package, design and company style). Identification can pass on to customer the precise information about the brand notion. Apart from this benefits of branding are shown for different target groups. Findings of the research supplement the existing theoretical and methodological approaches to brand development and positioning in conditions of uncertain business environment.

Problems that should be resolved by marketer when a new mobile application is put on sale can be divided into two groups. The 1-st one is connected with customer attraction, the 2-nd one – with his/her retaining. On the one hand, resolving these problems is directly connected with advertizing campaign and marketing research, however the majority of companies – developers of mobile applications have no financial possibilities for marketing accompaniment of application entering market. The article studies research, which can be done by own forces. With adequate analysis they can lead to high-quality results and increase in the number of users. Apart from that the author proposes the method of analyzing event arrangement in application software section, which can help keep an eye on user’s steps and interpret them to find key problems of the application. This method of event arrangement is not new for developers and it is offered by existing analytical platforms, however interpretation of obtained results and subsequent company steps can become a serious task. Further development of such methodology based on analytics, segmentation and reviews of users could resolve a problem of developing by companies-developers of mobile applications their own marketing strategy verified in practice.

The article studies genesis of price and pricing processes in the system of economic security. From theoretical and methodological point of view the research investigates different approaches to the definition and shaping the system of economic security, identifies key problems of pricing and shows lines of possible minimization of processes of price manipulation. It highlights non-linear character of pricing, drawbacks of today’s legal tools of regulating pricing processes (such as tariff and antitrust regulation), including those on the basis of administrative and court practices and causes of economic crises arising. From the practical point of view the article studies possibilities of developing the adaptive automation system, which can provide transfer, processing and storage of information about pricing processes. The goal of the research is to distinguish the role of pricing processes in the system of economic security and to develop the concept of uniform automated system of monitoring pricing processes aimed at resolving problems of complex management of economy and providing economic security of the country. On the basis of mentioned-above drawbacks (risks) the authors formulate the suggestion of shaping a new system of management and control over pricing processes based on maximum use of information technologies. These technologies should foster conducting analysis and risk estimation by using information and software means of the new system, including systems of controlling databases, the system of fast development of algorithms for information analysis and system and applied software. For this research such methods as system analysis, retrospective analysis and analytical methods of data investigation were used. Empiric materials of research were presented by open data and analytical reports of the Federal Antitrust Service of the Russian Federation, decisions and rules of the Supreme and Arbitration courts of the Russian Federation, official data of state power bodies.

The article studies the possibility of economic risk minimization in industrial sphere at the expense of industrial policy harmonization in line with economic security. Due to the fact that the level of industrial development in the Russian Federation is still on the post-soviet level, new ways of resolving acute economic problems are needed. Harmonization is necessary so that a new program of industrial development could integrate in the economic system. The author investigates different approaches to interpreting the notion ‘harmonization’ in economic context by experts dealing with possible rise in entrepreneurship efficiency in the Russian Federation. By analyzing such approaches the author’s position on industrial policy harmonization was formulated for the concrete region. At the same time the author developed the system of approaches to minimization of economic risks, rise in industrial efficiency in regions at the expense of harmonization of state policy.

The article describes technologies of new products of mass food industry on meat basis and on-line research of meat products during their development and putting on market. By results of the research a possible demand for the product was forecast. The authors identify potential types of customers and concrete measures of promotion. Research findings show expediency of developing technologies for products on meat basis including high-quality ingredients. In the process of technology approving in industrial environment correction of properties is necessary with due regard to market situation. Survey results showed that customers prefer to eat lunch out (in the office, university, etc.) and have some meat dishes. The concept of product upgrading includes the use of high-quality ingredients with preventive characteristics, in particular, prebiotics, for instance, wheat fiber of high quality However, customers need trustworthy and easily perceivable information about consumer properties of culinary food products, which could be distributed by corporate mass media and information booklets. At the same time we should not exclude low price strategy at the stage of putting such products on market, probably limited by corporate catering.