The Russian stock exchange revived and began its energetic development in 1991 and it was connected with economy liberalization. Thus we can say that modern history of the Russian stock exchange embraces about 30 years, while in global practice the first stock exchange was born in 1661 in Amsterdam. The most progressive, according to numerous international investors, American stock exchange started functioning in 1791. This short history of the Russian stock exchange development could explain low finance literacy of the population. In spite of fast growth in the number of registered broker’s accounts on the Moscow exchange, a lot of investors in Russia prefer to redistribute a considerable proportion of their resources in foreign currency, gold, real estate. Such fund distribution cannot be explained only by low finance literacy. The Russian stock exchange demonstrates high volatility as, according to global rating agencies, it is emerging. However, stock exchange can be an appealing tool of investment, in case clear and high-quality strategies are used. Within the frames of the article the use of averaged value strategy on the Russian stock exchange is studied, at the same time it is compared with other popular strategies of long-term investment, such as strategy of equal amount purchase, strategy of buying the same number of securities.

The article studies key issues connected with raising the level of digital maturity and passing on to Industry 4.0. The focus is made on the necessity to change the organization as a whole and at the same time to introduce digital technologies. Digital transformation means, first of all, changes in the system of organization management and its corporate culture. Only in case owners, executives, employees of the company are ready for digital transformation, successful implementation of projects, aiming at digital maturity rising, is feasible. Changes in the system of management envisage revision of strategic goals so that the value created by the company is in demand on market and the company could improve its competitiveness and guarantee sustainable development for the long-term perspective. The authors describe key lines of raising the level of digital maturity by companies and passing on to Industry 4.0. They include analysis of strategic goals, identification of maturity level of business-processes by using well-known models, finding needs and opportunities of digital transformation, developing the plan and road card of digital transformation of the organization.

A key problem, which requires solution in today’s situation, is treatment of food waste. Nowadays food waste is mainly buried and it does harm to the environment and people’s heals, pollutes air because of dump gases (including greenhouse gases), soil and water and causes irreversible climatic changes. It is necessary to pass over to such level of production and consumption, which could minimize and even eliminate waste formation. The authors of the article substantiate the need to take steps aimed at waste involvement in economic turn-over by its recycling, which requires the development of the effective mechanism of food waste control in the Russian Federation. The economic mechanism shall include the system of normative, legal and other documents in the field of treating food waste, a set of technological and infrastructure decisions aimed at utilization of food products with expiring BB dates, methodological recommendations on cutting food waste formed in business activity and its utilization.

The article studies agro-ecological activity, which combines goals of agricultural production with maximum regard to environment protection and rational nature use. The relative system of statistic indices gives an opportunity to trace the process and key results of this integrated work within the frames of sustainable development. Methodology of shaping statistic indices provided in the article is based on international classifications used in the field of environment protection. They include international classification worked out by the Eurostat in collaboration with the UN European Commission and OESR and by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the UN (FAO) in the field of nature protection, nature preservation and using land resources. The authors in view of complex analytical and informational approach put forward indices connected with registration and statistical description of the role of agriculture and rural territories in bio-diversity preservation, greenhouse gas emissions caused by agricultural production and rural territories functioning, ecological services and raw material utilization for bio-fuel output. The research findings include the development of the index system, which could improve the quality of statistic control over standing and progress of agro-ecology carried out by national statistic services of CIS memberstates. The obtained agro-ecological indices are harmonized with basic principles of developing environmental statistics in the context of sustainable development.

In order to work out the optimum approach to designing methodology for assessing digital maturity of state finance control (SFC) bodied in the Donetsk Republic the authors researched current approaches and identified their advantages and drawbacks. The article provides the concept of assessing digital maturity of SFC bodies in the Donetsk Republic in the form of the integral model, whose key components are stages of digital maturity, lines of digital transformation and steps of their implementation. Algorithm of integral index was formalized. The proposed methodological approach gives an opportunity to modify the number of particular indices depending on available statistic base; to apply both external and internal sources for calculations; to take into account context factors that could provide appraisal adaptation and regard to risks and susceptibility of SFC bodies to changing conditions; to identify critical spheres; to research evolution of the development of priority lines in digital transformation; to study index dynamics and to take into consideration the degree of importance stages in conducting digital transformation in managerial cycle.

The article studies the issue of inflation and ecology in theoretical and institutional aspect. We realize the importance of classical factors of inflation, however we would like to highlight such factor as ecology, to be more precise, expenses on providing ecological well-being. In the near future global expenses on ecology can become a considerable reason for price rise. The contribution of ecological well-being to inflation was analyzed from theoretical point of view. The article also explains the mechanism of green inflation development: a growth in nonproduction spending on nature protection at the current stage of output can cause cost rising on average per unit of product. Interrelation between ecology and inflation is shown as a modified Kuznets ecological curve. The graph shows that inflation decreases with rising environmental pollution, but to a certain crucial moment, after which inflation starts growing. The author gives arguments to support the modified Kuznets ecological curve, the major one is the fact that the lower nature-protection costs of the producer that means a high level of pollution, the lower production costs are and thus the lower inflation is and visa verse. The author analyzed results of sociological research that demonstrated that customers are not ready to pay for ecology improvement and price regulation mechanism does not work in this case. In the institutional aspect the fact that price mechanism cannot be used was proved by using the problem of ‘free-rider’ and information asymmetry in regard to ecological well-being as public wealth, which could lead to adverse effects. Certain non-market solutions of the problem of ecology and inflation were proposed.

The article deals with identification and comprehension of the approach to innovation space control of enlarged territory. Innovation space control in macro-region is described as a set of principles and mechanisms governing links and relations between entities involved in innovation activity in the enlarged territory in order to intensify innovation activity and obtain synergy effect. The approach advanced in the article is based on the concept of innovation rapprochement, the idea of which can be brought to identifying such a key feature of the macro-region as intensification of links between local innovation spaces included in this territory. The article shows the essence of the system of innovation space control of the macro-region, whose specific characteristic is inserting the block of innovation space control quality. It was found out that the system of traditional parameters necessary to estimate innovation development of the macro-region shall be supplemented by two specific indicators: convergence and superposition. Convergence means the availability of mutual impact and mutual penetration of innovation activity components that make up the macro-region of territories. Superposition reveals identical content and structure of the process of shaping, realizing and proliferating components and results of innovation activity. It was demonstrated that assessing the result of control mechanism impact shall be done in two directions: appraisal of the innovation product and quality of innovation space control.

The article highlights key problems in managing public health system in the Krasnodar area during COVID-19 pandemic. It provides findings of the research on public health system functioning in the context of administrative-legal, economic factors and resource potential of the area in 2017–2021. A number of indicators were compared with data of the South Federal district and the Russian Federation in general. The spread of new corona-virus infection in the Krasnodar area became a serious challenge to society, economy and regional business. It was proved that there are certain problems in the region stipulated by the overall stressful situation caused by corona-virus infection, quarantine and other restrictive measures and loss of economic stability of the real sector in economy. Apart from that the public health system of the region faced such problems as management fragmentation, disco-ordination of some components in managerial hierarchy, absence of complex decisions on protection and preservation of people’s health, medical and demographic faults, insufficient accessibility of medical aid, especially in rural areas. Recommendations formulated on the basis of research findings aim at overcoming of identified problems in order to attain the target landmarks in managing public health system in the region. Priority trends in managing public health in view of systematic-functioning approach that supposes introduction of a set of measures, such as goal – setting, planning, coordination and regulation of incidents, as well as implementation of the system of organizational – instructive, administrative, medical-sanitary, preventive and cultural-educational measures. Upgrading management of the public health system in the area could give an opportunity to improve the level and quality of medical service and consequently, the efficiency of industry. It can promote preservation and strengthening health of the population, rising labour activity, reaching serious social and economic parameters of people’s life in conditions of overcoming the pandemic after-effects.

Digital transformation of national economy is one of national goals, which aims at improvement of the quality and comfort of life, business development and environment competitiveness. Implementation of the Strategy of Information Society Development in the Russian Federation for 2017–2030 requires well-balanced decisions both on national and regional levels. The development of Russian regions is not homogeneous, each region has its own specificity. Thus digital transformation shall be carried out with due regard to regional specific features and processes. The article analyzes challenges and prospects of implementing digital transformations in Russian regions. As a theoretical and methodological foundation of the research works by Russian and overseas experts in the field of building information society, digital economics and digital state governance were studied. The author uses analytical materials of international expert and analytical organizations, national research institutions, materials of the Federal Service of State Statistics. The research findings can be useful for identifying cause and effect relations and key challenges that face regions in realizing strategy of digital transformation and designing priority principles of digital development on the regional level.

Adaptation of employees and employers to each other is very important for resolving many problems of labour economics and HR management. There are four types of response to discrepancy between opportunities and needs of labour relation entities: adjustment of workers to work-place requirements; changes in work-places on the part of employees; changes in work-places by employers necessary to comply with needs and qualification of workers; adaptation of employers to needs and qualities of workers. Adaptation of employers and employees to each other and changing work-places by them act, to a certain extent, as substitutes, which allow labour relation participants to interact effectively. Having faced restrictions by one of the four mentioned response to discrepancy between workers’ characteristics and work-places, the given participants turn to another response. The author using the experience of a university lecturer researches changes in work-place on the part of employees in the system of higher education. To analyze the potential of changing work-place characteristics the data of Risstat selective study was used. Factors showing specific features of adaptation of employees and employers to each other were identified and analyzed. Among them the author mentioned the situation on markets of finished products and labour, where the organization (employer) is involved, professional and personal qualities of worker, budget restrictions of labour relation entities, specific features of labour contracts and legislation.

The article describes the mechanism of adaptation support to work and development of employment and career centers in universities by enlisting volunteers and reveals key components of this mechanism. It can be labour markets of young people; requirements of business entities to personnel competences; the process of employment and career in universities; basic goals, objectives and principles of setting-up and developing such centers; analysis of advantages and drawbacks of their work, building and developing the administration system; use of volunteers’ work; academic and methodological tools; organizational and economic features and trends in center development; appraisal of such centers work and development; programs of development. All these mechanisms of adaptation support of work and development of employment and career centers in universities were studied and analyzed in view of volunteers’ role in these centers’ work. It gives an opportunity to provide comparable development of volunteer movement and net apprenticeship, to use different methods of interaction with labour market participants depending of factors of surroundings impact and to meet social request on specialists of certain professions with regard to goals of state policy of population employment.

The article analyzes major problems of social entrepreneurship in Russia. On the one hand, there is no clear understanding of the essence, goals and objectives of social business on the part of entrepreneurs, on the other hand, the attitude of representatives of power bodies is formal and often indifferent concerning information of the population and the development of this type of entrepreneurship in the country. The author came to the conclusion that the problem of social business development in Russia shall be resolved in two lines simultaneously: firstly, it is necessary to explain to business people that social entrepreneurship is not charity, it is an ordinary business, whose goal is not only help to certain social groups, but also profit. Secondly, it is essential to raise the level of responsibility of regional authorities in regard to working-out registers of social business. An important part is assigned to an opportunity to integrate Russian social entrepreneurship into international community.

The article summarizes classical and advanced theoretical, methodological and practical approaches to managing conditions, resources and factors providing inclusive and sustainable economic growth. The focus is made on description and identification of the place and role of the 4th industrial revolution. It order to reveal the research subject the author studied findings of academic investigations done by experts in the field of macroeconomics and related branches, such as analysis of economic activity, business-planning, information science, cybernetics, management, etc. The author showed groups of indicators used to find index of inclusive development of economy and their brief characteristics. First of all the opinion of Claus Martin Schwab (Germany), economist, the founder and permanent since 1971 President of the World Economic Forum in Davos was presented dealing with key aspects of arising and progressing of the 4th industrial revolution in global economic space.

The goal of the research is to study tools of Data Mining to find latent nature of lexical transformation in annual reports of the state-owned corporation ‘Rosteck’ and to estimate perspectives of extending methodology of businessanalysis by tools of multimodal business-analysis. Identification of trends in vocabulary transformation in annual reports was done by finding indicator features of unique key lexical units and their contexts. The author used methods of multimodal business-analysis and tools of Data Mining to study corporate reports in order to identify the most important signs and trends in business-vocabulary transformation at enterprises and corporations, which is usually ignored by conventional business-analysis. Russian texts of annual reports of ‘Rosteck’ corporation for 2017– 2021 act as initial data for the research. As Data Mining tools the author used Workflow-model on the on-line platform for analysis and data visualization Orange Data Mining 3.3.2. The research showed a clear trend to renewal of the annual report content within the period of analysis. Such units as ‘работник’ (worker), ‘обучение’ (training), ‘платформа’ (platform), ‘трансформация’ (transformation), ‘инициатива’ (initiative) and ‘академия’ (academy) demonstrated maximum dynamics in frequency growth. Context analysis allowed the author to draw a conclusion that transformation in business vocabulary is based on the growing attention of the corporation to problems of digital transformation, development of digital platforms, realization of technological and socio-humanitarian strategic initiatives, raising the quality of workers’ qualification by training in corporate net academy. Implementation of these measures requires upgrading strategy of managing finance, corruption, market and other risks. Multimodal business-analysis is a promising trend in academic research and a tool for resolving applied economic and organizational-managerial problems.

The article is devoted to the study of the issues of changing forms of competition in business in the 21 century. The authors explore different points of view about the concept of business ecosystems, originated in the 90s of the last century, which focuses on the consideration of competition not within individual organizations or even industries, but more broadly – in the environment as a whole. The development of network forms of organizations in the last century was accompanied by the transfer of free market conditions between participants in the value chain into the ecosystem (a community of participants working on the creation of product parts). This form of interaction leads to flexibility and adaptability due to the mobility of parts of the ecosystem, whose participants pursue the goal of joint value creation. Communities, unlike individual participants outside the ecosystem, are able to create integrated solutions for consumers, while maintaining high quality. With such network relationships, the relationships between competitors change, participants strive for co-evolution and increase the efficiency of the value chain. The ecological approach to competition is an actual and new trend in strategic management, which has a wide potential for study and implies consideration of competition with cooperation.

In conditions of increased uncertainty and asymmetry of relevant and relevant information about the state and environmental protection, issues related to the development of theoretical and methodological foundations of integrated management of enterprises that ensure balanced development in the medium term are of particular importance. The need for their development is due to the requirements of a comprehensive solution of ecological and economic problems of production on the basis of a structural and logical sequence of actions leading to the solution of the set goals and objectives. The scientific problem of the adequacy of the implemented environmental measures at enterprises to the level of negative impact on the environment is the basis for the internalization of external environmental costs, which is possible at Russian enterprises by expanding the environmental responsibility of domestic business on the basis of the integrated integration of environmentalists management into the system of strategic management of organizations. On the basis of the conducted research, the author has developed the theoretical and methodological foundations of integrated management of the equilibrium development of enterprises as a teaching about a set of methods, means of study, which has several levels of generality: from the methodological base in the form of a paradigm (developed by the author's concept) to special research methods.

When economic landscape is changing both ecosystems development and their effective management became very important. The author shows goals, objectives and principles necessary for effective functioning of the mechanism of managing ecosystem development and highlights the sum total of criteria providing digital ecosystem identification. The article underlines that managing ecosystem development can be possible only at the expense of coordinated efforts of macro- and micro-levels. The set of state regulatory tools includes antitrust measures, taxation system, steps aimed at protecting suppliers and customers, support of national ecosystems and suppliers, regulation of work with data and information, development of technological infrastructure and others. As for micro-economic tools the author underlines confidence-building inside the ecosystem, provision of mutual value creation, inter-branch focus, organizational structure, management system, organization culture, availability of relative competences in the ecosystem and flexible partner relations and integration based on API principles. In conclusion the author points out to the importance of developing digital ecosystems for all market participants and for national economy as a whole.

The article discusses issues dealing with building organizational structure of developing enterprises by using both quantitative and qualitative criteria. In the research the authors used the best practices of highly-technological companies. To solve the problem of organizational structure upgrading methods of assessing key indicators of organization and its division work efficiency were used. The authors propose a number of criteria and methods aimed at structure upgrading, which could be exploited in applied activity of industrial science-intensive enterprises and organizations. On the basis of mathematical methods of modeling and optimization the authors formulated suggestions concerning rational building of organizational structure and calculating parameters of completeness of structural divisions by administrative and managerial personnel.

The article studies youth tourism as a part of social tourism and a component of travelling system, which is characterized by social and economic features and impact by different factors and conditions. Theoretical and empiric research of youth tourism is topical, which is stipulated by such qualities of the younger generation as mobility, striving for cognition and today’s possibilities to organize leisure time and travelling. Due to complicated situation connected with COVID-19 and closing borders with foreign countries fast development of internal tourism is observed. The authors underlined specific features of youth tourism and showed its ties with territorial factors and conditions of future development. General academic methods, such as content-analysis, sociological method (survey was conducted among students of universities and colleges) and statistic methods: grouping, average-mean arithmetical ones were used in the research. While studying academic views of home and overseas scientists concerning youth tourism the authors paid attention to the importance of social and cultural components envisaged by travelling motivation for the given group of tourists and the impact of factors and conditions connected with regional features. It was pointed out that to plan the youth tourism development it is necessary to take into account preferences of young people in travel programs and events, various relations in social groups during holidays and travels, paying special attention on social and cultural components.

The article shows commodity expertise aspects of children’s goods market, in particular children’s toys. Demographic and economic factors are called as major ones for the development of global and Russian market of children’s goods. The place of toys in the product-range of children’s goods was identified, s well as their social role. The authors provide such figures as global sales volume of children’s goods, import and export of toys in the Russian Federation. They research key categories of toys, structure of their sales, analyze key global trends of production and consumption of toys, trends typical of the EU and Russia. Promising lines of production and selling toys in the EU and Russia were highlighted and specific features of Russian state policy in respect of children’s goods manufacturers were presented. Preconditions for the development of Russia industry of children’s goods were discussed.

Information technologies are the fastest developing industry today both in global economy and economy of Russia. Serious attention is paid to methodological aspects of quality management. Raising quality of software products is an objective of implementing the national project ‘Digital Economy of the Russian Federation’. Processes and stages of software development are modified with regard to new requirements to end product in accordance with adopted home standards. Thus the goal of improving the quality of software products is really topical. The quality of software product is influenced by various determinate and casual external and internal factors. Home experience of managing software quality refers to both western experience and works by Russian scientists, such as G. G. Azgal’dov, Yu. P. Adler, I. G. Venetskiy, V. V. Lipaev, S. D. Il’enkova, I. F. Shishkin, P. L. Chenyshev, V. M. Mishin. The article studies methods of managing software product quality that are used in home IT companies and carries out their comparative analysis. The author formulated proposals aiming at identification of drawbacks by using methods of cognitive modeling.