The article analyzes the role of collective management enterprises as an example of practical application of Marxist economic theory in today’s market economy. The goal of the research is to search for suggestions appropriate for solving the problem of fair distribution of labour product illustrated by functioning of enterprises with collective forms of property in present day economy. This problem was elaborated in works by theoreticians of Marxist and neo-Marxist economic schools and in current conditions of private market economy. A positive aspect of the Marxist theory was identified in the sphere of fair distribution of labour product and aspiration for production democracy. Topicality of these problems in current social and economic conditions was demonstrated. Arising of the concept of public enterprises and its realization within the frames of different economic models was analyzed illustrated by such countries as the US, Great Britain, Italy and some others. Economic results of such enterprises were studied and their higher economic efficiency in comparison with enterprises of other forms of property was shown. The demand for justice in social and economic sphere of production in market economy was highlighted. Special attention was paid to the role of enterprises with collective forms of management in economic systems of Russia and China, the efficiency of collective enterprises was analyzed and legal aspects of their functioning were studied. As a result of the research certain drawbacks in collective enterprise work were revealed, for instance, undeveloped interaction with the banking environment, insufficient legal base of their functioning and poor information of the population. The article proved the importance of enterprises with collective form of management as a factor of labour productivity rising and underlined significance of the social aspect of their work. Topicality of the issue of social justice in labour product distribution was shown in the context of positive heritage of the Marxist theory. On the basis of the research key practical suggestions aimed at developing the system of enterprises with collective form of property were formulated.

The article shows dynamics of value figures on market of digital finance assets. The research studies methods of the sensitivity theory in tasks of optimal management of non-linear systems for automated monitoring and controlling the portfolio of digital finance assets and crypto-currencies. The authors study process modeling in economic systems, set the task of optimal management by the system of non-linear differential equations and target functionality, describe the variation method of task resolving, the principle of invariability of non-linear systems and possibilities to model economic systems provided by the solution. The approach to investigating dynamics of economic systems based on the principle of maximum was analyzed. The article shows possible application of the approach for resolving optimization tasks and for methods of management with split and continuous character in conditions of uncertainty typical of economic systems. Functions of non-linear sensitivity are identified. The use of the sensitivity theory for tasks of optimal management of non-linear systems was studied, illustrated by estimating the vector of unknown parameters of dynamic system. The authors analyze the condition in tasks of economic modeling with regard to uncertainty caused by social and psychological reasons. The material provided in the article shows possibilities of using the method of sensitivity analysis for tasks of system decomposition and related transformations in systems of differential equations.

The article provides findings of the research dealing with innovation technologies in sport nutrition using unconventional sources, i. e. apiculture products in order to raise immune-response of sports people. Four experimental groups were chosen: the 1st group included people taking a certain composition of honey with pollen in ratio 5 : 100; the 2nd group – people taking a mixture of honey with bee-glue in ratio 2 : 100; the 3rd group – people taking honey with royal jelly in ratio 1 : 100 and the 4th group – control one. As a result of innovation technology application, i.e. using unconventional raw material a serious rise in immune-response of sports people was observed due to their food status. The authors’ research gives an opportunity to widen the range of using innovation technologies in order to improve functional properties of food for sport nutrition.

Agriculture is the basis of the Tajik economy. Since independence, various studies and developments have been carried out in this area. At the moment, the task of the government is the dynamic development of the agricultural sector. The article presents an econometric analysis of the dynamics of grain crop yields for the period 1993–2020, which is associated with the amount of fertilizers applied. The main purpose of this work is to check whether there is a relationship between the application of mineral and organic fertilizers and the yield of grain crops. Through the application of of multiple linear regression the dependence of the grain crops yields on the amount of organic and mineral fertilizers applied in the agricultural sector of the country was revealed. Statistical tests, such as the Fisher and Student, Goldfeld – Quandt and Darbin – Watson distributions, were used to determine the reliability and accuracy of the application of multiple linear regression. According to the results of the Goldfeld – Quandt test, it is proved that there is no heteroscedasticity in this model. Using the Darbin – Watson criterion, it was found that this model lacks autocorrelation. The relationship between the dependent variable and independent parameters indicates that for a sustainable process of agricultural production, it is necessary to ensure the targeted application of fertilizers necessary for grain crops.

The development of methodology for analyzing efficiency is acute today due to fundamental basis of budget system functioning. The last ten years proved the importance of social policy and the welfare system during periods of uncertainty and economic crises. In 2022 the vector of Russian economy development changed from west to east and the country will face a long-term opposition through unprecedented sanctions and challenges to its economy transformation. The article puts forward a simple ratio method of analyzing efficiency of budget expenses aimed at overcoming poverty in Russian regions, systematizes the most frequently mentioned in academic literature methods of researching efficiency of expenses on social policy, investigates the method of analyzing the utmost efficiency and provides conclusions about its low practical significance. The article proposes to use the author’s approach to ratio analysis supplemented with ranking method, plotting heat maps and estimating basic descriptive statistics. Research findings demonstrate its high theoretic and practical value, especially as a preliminary stage of the research within the frames of a complex analytical approach to assessing efficiency of expenses on social policy allotted from consolidated budgets of Russian Federation entities.

The subject of the research is the process of credit functioning, its goal is to develop a functional model of credit system. The research hypothesis assumes that credit continuous development ensures its adaptation to the changing environment. Methodology of the research was made up by the universal academic method, i. e. the outline of functional system, the method of analogies and critical analysis of literature. Within the elaborated functional model of the credit system components of credit were identified: store unit, two units of subsystem and resources providing its adaptation to the impact of the environment; mechanisms of organization and self-organization were substantiated; ways of transforming credit functional system in response to environment changes were demonstrated. The elaborated functional model of the credit system provides systematic comprehension of the process of credit functioning; explains the character of outward impact on the credit system and resources ensuring response to this impact; elucidates processes of organization and self-organization in the credit system. The obtained results can contribute to the development of academic theory of credit, give extra opportunities for grounding the objective regularities of its continuous development and propose additional ways for developing mechanisms of credit management.

Invariably high role of large tonnage and low-added-value business in economy of the Russian Federation stipulates topicality of such research. Big business reaching 78-80% of Russian GDP will continue playing the primary role, which will be backed by exchange rate in exporters’ interests and their raw material orientation. Iron and steel industry in Russia by budget, production and export significance yields only to oil and gas sphere. Ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy produces the most important construction materials for other industries and at the same time keeps up the demand for highly-qualified workers with rather high level of wages. The goal of the research is to identify the contribution of large companies of non-ferrous metallurgy to revenues of the Russian Federation budget system. For this end the authors analyzed accounts of companies with budget system on profit tax, on value-added tax, tax on individuals and tax on company property. Information base of the research was formed by works of home and overseas authors that show the role of large corporations in social and economic development of regions and countries, Rosstat data, information of the Federal Taxation Service on the Irkutsk region and the Krasnoyarsk territory, official annul and finance accounting of the public company ‘OK RUSAL’ and the public company ‘Norilsk Nickel’.

Non-governmental pension funds (N-GPF) act as an important tool for resolving social problems in the field of pension support. Today 39 non-governmental pension funds work in Russia. All of them have got licenses for their operation. But before you transfer your money to non-governmental fund, you should study the list of acting organizations, identify the most stable ones and analyze their ratings. The article shows that top places in the rating by the volume of pension resources are taken by organizations, which store the biggest amounts of future pensioners’ money. Drivers of growth and N-GPF competitiveness support can become ecosystems. Amounts of such payments can testify to the efficiency of funds’ investment and thus to the quality of their work. Informing people about the system of non-governmental pension funds can cause a sharp rise in the number of their clients. According to the authors, in case employees of non-governmental pension funds visit large enterprises and provide their workers with necessary information about these funds, it could help attaint this goal. Employees of N-GPF should explain that the fund functions absolutely legally, all deposits are insured and information about fund profitability is open.

The article deals with issues concerning the condition and development of national economic mentality of Russian citizens in view of historical and cultural, as well as historical and economic heritage of the country, historical specific features of shaping economic and managerial culture. According to the author, humanization, democratization and optimization of managerial culture with due regard to specificity of national economic culture are essential pre-conditions for the process. Issues of today’s labour and management culture in Russia are investigated in close relation with the Russian cultural model, economic mentality of Russian citizens formed during previous centuries and historic experience of organizing production processes in the Russian empire and the USSR. For this research the author used a combination of historical and logical methods in line with the statistical method, analysis of historic sources, as well as the method of comparative analysis.

Continuous upgrading in business activity through the process of marketing research is essential for survival of all companies on highly-competitive markets. Analysis of adequate experience and practice dealing with marketing research in business gives an opportunity to influence different aspects of entrepreneurship, such as innovation, access to markets, delivery of human capital, strategic decision-making and others. There is a number of quality estimation of research experience and practice topicality in business activity. However, business quarters, including academic and industrial business people face a problem whether there is a uniform system of estimating scientific and production practices in marketing research aimed at assessing their quality/topicality by several important business characteristics. In view of this the goal of the research is to study overseas experience in conducting marketing research in business sphere in order to produce academic and industrial outlook based on the method of analytical hierarchy. Important estimation characteristics of marketing research in entrepreneurship were obtained in interviews with concerned people and analysis of academic investigations. On this foundation estimation indices and method of hierarchy analysis were elaborated and reasonable values of estimation criteria were fixed. Analysis results show that this model can assess the quality and topicality of marketing research in business objectively, accurately and rationally.

The impact of sports industry on nature stipulated the necessity to work out strategy to resolve related problems. This concern gave rise to two ecologic initiatives: to reduce ecologic track and use sport as a tool to raise ecologic knowledge. The goal of the research is to review academic works dealing with ecologic sustainability in sports and ecologic programs adopted by sport organization all over the world. The article analyzes the international agenda of sustainable development in sport industry, ecologic orientation of sports club strategies and the development of green agenda in management in sport sectors. The authors studied results and outcomes of introducing strategies of sustainable development in sport industry and arranging sport events. Apart from that, web-sites, documents and concrete steps of clubs aimed at reaching goals of sustainable development were analyzed. Analysis was carried out by high-quality methods of assessing the impact of sports industry on nature. On the basis of the UN program ‘Sports for Climate Action’ a big amount of information concerning certain sports was gathered and work of sports clubs connected with sustainable development and environment protection was studied. Information about football, hockey and basketball clubs, participants of the UN program ‘Sports for Climate Action’ was aggregated. The number of ecologic initiatives adopted by professional teams and leagues were identified. Goals and concrete steps aimed at environment protection being realized by sports clubs were fixed.

This article is devoted to the definition of new trends and managerial patterns in the music business, which are just beginning to develop as a result of the widespread expansion of digital technologies. The state of the music industry before the emergence and development of digital technologies is shown, prerequisites for radical changes are marked, in particular, the emergence of broadband Internet access and digital MP3 format, piracy and streaming technologies (streaming). The article examines the changes and new trends emerging in the music business in the digital era with the development of virtual reality, cancel culture, blockchain technologies, NFT and the sharing economy. The key changes in the overall business model and current management trends forming new determinants of the music business are shown. It is concluded that the world music industry has radically changed its appearance: the music business model itself is changing, and the general model of music information consumption is also being transformed. Music dematerializes and becomes more accessible - business players are constantly fighting for the digital attention of consumers. In general, there is a fragmentation of the music market. The authors raise topical issues that the scientific and practical community has yet to answer.

Developing the optimum crisis strategy depends mainly on the quality of analytical base, which is built in the process of finance analysis and diagnostics of organization bankruptcy. It is connected with organizations of public catering as well. Today issues of shaping the optimum set of indicators to estimate bankruptcy possibility have not been clarified so far. Thus the necessity of investigations in the field is stipulated by debatable nature of accounting for sectoral peculiarities in the current assessment methods. The goal of the research is to identify specific features of building the system of indicators for estimating bankruptcy possibility in public catering organizations. Such research methods as comparative analysis, statistic analysis, correlation analysis, bench-marking, classification and ranking were used, as well as the modified method of hierarchy analysis. As a result of the research academic and practical recommendations were put forward dealing with developing the system of indicators for estimating bankruptcy possibility in public catering organizations. The authors came to the conclusion that the optimum system of indicators for estimating bankruptcy possibility could foster the development of efficient strategy of crisis management.

The research deals with the system of state purchases, within which goals of state economic policy can be attained. The article studies and describes functions performed by the national system of state purchases. Special attention was paid to specific features of state purchases as a tool of influencing the macro-economic system controlled by government. Academic novelty of the research implies identification of various functional specificities of the process of planning and conducting state purchases, including their orientation to providing the state sector with necessary goods and services, influencing the macro-economic system of the country and document – administrative regulations of state purchase support. The author summarized the impact of state purchase realization on economic, legal, technological and innovation process in national economy and making-up the extended effective list of functions performed by state purchases. By analyzing statistic and report data of operators of the national system of state purchases and the Federal Service of State Statistics and figures of state purchase efficiency used by bodies of state authorities the author appraised the quality of the development of Russian economic policy in the field of state purchases.

The article analyzes the use of digitalization in oil industry on today’s stage of development and studies best practices of such companies as ‘Lukoil’ and ‘Gaspromneft’. Findings of the research showed barriers for introducing digital technologies in oil industry, i. e. a shortage of highly-qualified workers, who could work with robotized production processes, the necessity to invest large finance resources and difficulties in realizing import-substitution technologies. At the same time two key trends aimed at these challenges minimization were put forward: the development of digital strategy of the company and setting-up own digital techno-parks. Principle advantages of industry digitalization were shown: possibility to attract investors, to increase volumes of mineral resource extraction, to grow the number of spheres of oil companies’ work and to cut costs on equipment maintenance.

Volatile economic and political situation in the world makes us search for new ways and methods of sustainable development of economy. The article deals with one of these methods and an acute challenge, i. e. importsubstitution. The author analyzes the need to develop import-substitution as a way to overcome stagnation in order to retain and grow our economy potential and to provide an opportunity for Russian enterprise products to enter the international market. Apart from that, import-substitution is a key factor of raising security of our economy and its sustainable development in volatile conditions of foreign-economic environment. The article describes measures of support in respect of agriculture adopted by the Government of the Russian Federation after introduction of first sanctions in March 2014. Positive and adverse aspects of import-substitution policy in the sphere of foods were discussed and statistics on it was provided. On the basis of the research the author shows results of the importsubstitution process.

The article studies the process of estimating investment project revenue and expenditure in telecommunication sector, illustrated by the public company ‘MTS’: key technologies of data transfer, their correlation with frequencies, structure of expenses on network building, approaches to estimation of project revenue. The author identified types of investment projects in view of different approaches to their evaluation: qualitative projects, which do not cause direct rise in profits and quantitative ones, whose estimation is possible by present value of cash flows. Advantages and drawbacks of the current approach to estimation of ‘MTS’ projects were formulated. The article shows technical and economic indices that can impact project efficiency and seriously change its recoupment. The author proposes to include costs of the network development not only of the access level but also of the level of aggregation and network core; to extend the horizon of planning network quality indices for the whole period of the project; to take into account costs of the future extension of network capacity during project implementation; to carry out modernization of the equipment in case of its technical support termination and output of components. With regard to discontinuity of network modernization steps it is necessary to account for the effect of growing quality of services above the target indicators.

The article discusses the topic of overcoming the gap between results of professional education and actual needs of labour market in the current situation and the role of universities in the problem solution. Due to the fact that professional education provides students with a lot of important and fundamental knowledge in a certain sphere, but labour market needs change faster than the basic curriculum a gap turns up between education programs and requirements advanced to workers. As a result we can observe a situation when a qualified specialist possesses plenty of theoretical knowledge, but few practical skills necessary for work. It is an important and acute challenge for the education sphere, labour market and in the long run for society in general. The article studies key notions connected with interaction between labour market and education, proposes possible ways to cut the gap between education results and real needs of labour market and highlights potential barriers that can hinder this process. The author provides concrete examples of successful solution of the problem within the frames of implementing various partner programs of business and education both in Russia and abroad.

In the current crisis situation small and medium business cannot survive and develop, in case it has no advantages to its competitors in development and introduction of new goods and technologies into market. The key factor of today’s company competitiveness is the ability to combine off-line and on-line technologies of communicating with consumers of its goods and service. The article provides definitions of such notions as ‘promotion’, ‘commercialization’, ‘mechanism’ and studies effective ways of commercialization of innovative products covering certain needs of home and overseas markets. The impact of mechanisms of governmental and non-governmental regulation and support of enterprises was shown, as well as tools, both available and newly appearing, of promotion and commercialization, including tools of developing transport and logistical infrastructure. On the basis of trends in business developing and progressing revealed in implementing national projects and analysis of overseas markets open for promotion and commercialization of goods and service the article puts forward a mechanism of promotion and commercialization of goods and services, including those with innovative character and offered in new sphere of social and economic activity. This mechanism acts as a combination of two elements: internal, that covers enterprises and self-employed people and external, that includes mechanisms of governmental and nongovernmental regulation and support of enterprises.

The goal of the article is to analyze forecasts and actual development of Russian logistics on the basis of concrete example, figures, quotations and references to research. Today Russian logistics is passing the stage of active development, however, there are a lot of challenges and problems that should be overcome. A key trend in Russian logistics development is digitalization and introduction of new technologies. According to the research conducted by the Committee on Logistics Development, in 2020 about 78% of logistical market participants in Russia supported introduction of digital innovation in their work. It can cut costs of transportation, raise process efficiency and improve the quality of customer service. However, Russian logistics has not reached its full potential in this field. Key problems are poor introduction of advanced information technologies and undeveloped digital infrastructure. According to the research published by the journal ‘Logistics and Managing Supply Chains’ in 2021 only 25% of logistic companies in Russia use systems of managing storehouses and transport on the basis of artificial transportation, which allows companies to cut delivery period and provide more efficient use of transport infrastructure. According to Rosgosstrakh research in 2020, the volume of multimodal transportation in Russia grew by 15% in comparison with the previous year. However, the Federal Agency on Air Service reports that the development of infrastructure for multimodal transportation is not sufficient. A lot of Russian regions face the absence of connections between various types of transport, which can cause delays and higher delivery cost. We should also point out that Russian logistics still encounters problems with logistical costs. According to the research of ‘The International Journal of Economics and Management’ in 2020 Russia takes the 92nd place by the index of logistical costs among 160 countries. The key reasons for high costs are inefficient use of resources and weak coordination among participants of the logistic chain. The development of Russian logistics supposes introduction of digital technologies, rise in the share of multimodal transportation and cutting logistic costs. Along with this it is necessary to overcome a number of problems, such as low level of digital infrastructure and weal coordination in the logistic chain. It will require joint efforts on the part of government, business and education institutions.

Nowadays in line with traditional off-line trade e-trade develops fast enough. Today’s customers show higher interest and loyalty to marketplaces. The goal of the article is to investigate new institutions being formed on the trade landscape, to analyze standing and current trends and factors influencing the development of shopping malls and marketplaces. The author’s hypothesis implies that in present conditions of trade development marketplaces act as an alternative and key competitors to shopping malls, as earlier shopping malls themselves became an alternative to department stores. Today we can observe that a certain part of customers and purchases leave off-line and choose on-line due to economic, social and geo-political reasons. It was promoted by digital technologies, COVID-19 pandemic and its after-effects, changes in customer behavior model, impact of sanction pressure on consumer market and so on. The author supposes that in case the current trend of fast growth of e-trade continuous (including marketplaces), by 2027 no less than 45% of all purchases will be done at marketplaces, while the share of traditional trade will drop and the role of shopping mall will reduce.

The article studies the phenomenon of gamefication as a current communication means for goods and service promotion to the market. Today’s customer is not a passive observer but a participant of the promotion process ready for testing. The article shows gamefication as a communication tool that can attract and retain customer, gives its definition and reveals pre-conditions of its arising among marketing tools. Key trends in gameficationon on global market were studied and feasibility of using interactive advert forms was analyzed. The article demonstrates trends in volume growth on global market of gamefication and identifies spheres of using game mechanics both on global market and in Russia. The author shows key tasks, where game content can be used. The focus is made on studying principles and requirements that should be followed to get a certain effect of introducing gamefication. The article reveals principle difference between computer games and gameficated communications, which allows developers to use game content. In conclusion the author puts forwards recommendations for companies that do not use gamefication or use it in a limited volume.

The article studies one type of current goods positioning, i. e. greenwashing. Greenwashing is company activity, in which various marketing communications (PR and advertising) are used to demonstrate its ecological orientation instead of real introduction of ecological practices aimed at cutting the negative impact on the environment. The author describes history of greenwashing, provides examples and discusses strategies that help check the current company positioning for using greenwashing. The difference between green marketing and greenwashing was explained. Green marketing is a marketing activity, as a result of which the company sells its products or services orientating only to their ecological properties. The article also studies the problem of transparency and corporate social responsibility. Corporate social responsibility means practice of sustainable development, whose goal is to ensure gains, such as economic, ecological and social benefits for producer and consumer. Complete transparency is a conviction that all organizations must be frank, open and honest in their work. Types of greenwashing regulation (legal, public, professional) are characterized.

Digital transformation is a way to increase value for guests in restaurant business. Thanks to it, restaurants can provide their guests with more personalized services. Moreover, digital transformation helps restaurants become more efficient and save money and at the same time it gives more opportunities and better service to customers, improves marketing strategies and attracts more guests. The goal of the research is to estimate dynamic capacities of restaurants for creating customer values in conditions of digital transformation. The research studies three dynamic capacities of digital probing: digital surveillance, digital scenario planning and shaping digital thinking. Digital surveillance helps restaurants find potential opportunities for digital transformation and develop strategies, which can provide profits from these opportunities. Digital scenario planning helps restaurants plan potential results of digital transformation and develop strategies, which can provide profits from potential opportunities and reduce potential risks. Shaping digital thinking helps restaurant owners, managers and employees develop necessary culture in order to implement changes and introduce innovation. Thus, the research can enrich the theoretical foundation of the sector of tourism and hospitality. The proposed three dynamic capacities can be used to realize opportunities of digital transformation for creating values for customers. In practice the research shows how restaurants can use existing opportunities.